May 8

Today we have a letter to Harry in San Francisco from Lucienne Simier who was a fellow prisoner with Helene at Ravensbrück. We saw a letter that Helene wrote a to Lucienne on January 22. More information on Lucienne and others Helene met from Angers, France can be found at the post of April 18.

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May the 10th 1946                                          

1 Avenue Marie Talet
Angers

Dear Harry,

I just got your parcel and my friend’s letter telling me your dear mother has come to you. It is so sweet of you thinking to send me such good things. You certainly are the dear boy your mother spoke to me of and I thank you very, very much indeed.

Since your mother’s letter, I am thinking of you and trying to imagine your meeting. I feel so happy about it. At last, my dear Helen is free. I cannot tell you how much she has been for me. I love her like a sister and all those she loves I love too. You must think I am very “Frenchy” in telling my feelings!! I have been so near feeling no more that I feel now much stronger and enjoy what is good. And your mother may explain – she knows me so well.

I hope she will write to me very soon – she has such a lot to tell me. Mrs…. writes that you are getting an apartment all together. I hope your mother is not too tired after such a long journey. How is she? She was so thin when I left her.  

I must leave you now. Tell your mother I am with her with all my heart. I wish her such a lot of happiness, poor dear. She must be missing terribly your dear father. I kiss her most affectionately. 

For you and Eva mille remerciments et mes sentiments très affectieux.

            L Simier


There is nothing to add to this beautiful letter except how heartening it is to know that in the depths of hell, these women found and comforted each other. No wonder Istanbul was such an isolating and wrenching experience for Helene – imprisoned again but with no moral support from fellow prisoners and no way of contacting her husband.

April 9

Today we have a newspaper clipping from the April 9, 1965 edition of the San Francisco Examiner.

From the April 9, 1965 edition of the San Francisco Examiner

From the April 9, 1965 edition of the San Francisco Examiner

A Widow’s $1,000 SS Jackpot

Mrs. V. Cohen, 1408 8th Ave., wins $1,000 in the Examiner’s Social Security Game. A 78 year old widow, Mrs. Cohen is a long time player in the game and her first win is the top prize.

“When I saw my social security number at the head of the list all I could think is ‘this must be crazy.’ I’m dreaming. I’ve often thought how wonderful it would be to win the big prize but I honestly never thought it could happen to me.”

Well, it happened to Mrs. Cohen and it could happen to you when you join in this simple, easy-to-play game. All you do is write out your social security number on a postcard or put it in a letter and mail it to: The Examiner, P.O. Box 3634 Rincon Annex, San Francisco 19.

Once your entry is received at this address, you are in the game. Step number two is to check The Examiner each day to see if your number appears.

Daily, Monday through Friday, The Examiner publishes 30 winning social security numbers with a total cash value of $2,000. This is the way the cash divides: 1st prize, $1,000. 2nd prize, $200. 3rd prize, $100. 4th prize, $50. twenty-six additional prizes pay off $25 each.

Any person holding a social security number can play. It doesn’t matter where you live, how old you are, or whether or not you subscribe to The Examiner.

However, the point of the game is for you to find your own social security number. No person associated with the Social Security Game either phones, writes or contacts winners.


How nice to see some happy news for a change! Helene’s nephew Robert Zerzawy mentioned this article in his letter in the March 23 post. Times have certainly changed – imagine a newspaper publishing your Social Security Number these days. $1,000 in 1965 would be worth about $8,300 in 2021. It must have felt like a fortune.

March 24

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Helene’s nephew Robert Zerzawy sent the following letter to me in honor of my 4th birthday. After sad letters from the past 2 days written 2 years after today’s letter, it’s lovely to see his happier and more playful side. I am so touched to be included in the family story in this way. Through almost a century of family letters, we see birthday wishes sent from across the world — through war, upheaval, and illness, my relatives maintained their connection by marking family milestones.

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 24.3.1963

My dear Helen Rose,

The other day I made a fool of myself. – You see, I made a note of your birthday, and not to miss it I entered it in my diary a month earlier so as to be quite sure to reach the date. – When it came to the 26th February I had completely forgotten the clever provision and took it for the real day. That gives you, incidentally, an insight how my mind works. I am afraid it consists mainly of holes if I have to remember dates which was once my specialty. 

So today I humbly though less convincingly tender you renewed felicitations on your birthday which I hope will find you in magnificent health and the best of spirit. Perhaps, your mother will have time and patience to explain to you how it comes that an almost stranger addresses you so familiarly. And maybe, his audacity evokes even some response. Which motive, I must confess, was in part responsible for this letter.

This is as far as I can go today. When I receive some news from you or your people I shall gladly write about us. In the meantime, I am somewhat worried and sense a reason for the long silence. 

Perhaps one day, when you come to England in the courses of your education which nowadays includes a trip to the old Continent, we might meet in person and I certainly look forward to this event. Though, this is not likely to happen for a little while.

With my warmest wishes and kind thoughts and love to you all,

Yours cousinly,
Robert


When I was a student at UC Berkeley, I took a popular course on folklore. The main assignment was to collect a number of sayings, songs, traditions from people we knew and write them up, doing some research on the history of these customs. Like my forbears, I have never liked to throw out anything I’ve written. I remembered that I had interviewed Harry for this paper so I dug it up. It turned out that I also had interviewed my mother. One of Eva’s recollections was the following nursery rhyme which Helene sang to her as a child while rocking her on her lap.

Here are the lyrics:

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My mother said that her mother also sang this song to me until I was about five years old. She said I really enjoyed it – good thing I did not understand the words! Perhaps Helene is singing it to me in the photos below.

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March 23

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Robert didn’t quite have my date of birth correct, but close enough. For my 7th birthday in 1966, he sent me a money order for $20. That was a very generous gift – various online calculators give the value today as somewhere between $160 and $820 if adjusted for inflation. I’m sure my mother put it in a bank account for me. She taught me that it was important to save money because you never knew when you might need it – a lesson she learned early in life and never deviated from. In terms of things that had value to me in 1966, candy bars were a nickel and most board games cost less than $5.

The letter below to Helene was sent together with the letter to Eva that we saw yesterday. In it, Robert refers to a newspaper article from April of 1965, so it has probably been at least a year since the last time he wrote. We will see the article in a few weeks.

One of the upsides for me when my mother was ill was that my grandmother babysat me a lot that year. I have vague but fond memories of spending many hours in her apartment.

We learn from this letter that by 1966, Robert has retired and that he and his wife have gotten a divorce. I am so sorry that life never got easier for him.

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22.3.1966

My dear Helen,

to-day it is Helen Rose’s day, but I wish to take this occasion to send you my warmest greetings and good wishes. —It might be a strain to you to write and it is for this reason that I address Eva in the first place. I only hope she is in a better state of health than when she wrote me last. I feel terribly sorry for her what she had to go through — I hope it is a matter of the past and that she is again fit enough to take care of her home and also to take up her work without overtaxing her strength. —How fortunate that you were able to look after Helen Rose while Eva was in hospital. At the same time a welcome proof of your fitness. All this is months back and I am anxious to learn what has happened in the mean time...

You might be pleased to know that I am quite well again. It took me some time to get over the disappointment with Anne but time heals everything and I got adjusted to live by myself. It is also fortunate that Farbenfabriken Bayer granted me a pension which enables me to live modestly but without having to cut down on essentials.

Eva sent me the paper cutting with your picture and the report of your winning the top prize in the Social Security Game. I do not know what pleased me more, the beautiful picture or the good luck which happened to you. Eva is rightly proud of her mother and I share her joy and sentiments.

It was a bad year for her and also for me. As I mentioned before, I am recovered from the nervous breakdown which prevented me from writing for so long a time. This is the first effort to break the unhappy spell and I only pray and hope that the news from you and Eva will be reassuring.

My dear Helen, I am with you in my thoughts and I wish you good fortune and a good health.

With my love,
Robert

March 22

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22.3.1966

Dear Eva,

Helen Rose’s birthday offers the welcome opportunity and impulse to break the deadlock in our correspondence which, I am afraid, is this time entirely my fault. I in turn blame my state of mind, or rather the inability to write in concrete from the letters which I conceive in thoughts but never seem to manage to put into shape.

Once more the question arises: where to start? How to bridge the gap in the knowledge of each other’s live and doings? — I feel terrible that I did not properly acknowledge your letter from 25th August last year. I think, it was just before I left for Vienna to visit Artur and Lotte Zerzawy, namesakes of mine who accepted me in their family circle. It was then a welcome diversion but when I came back I had a relapse into my depressive state which lasted until recently. Now I am again in control of my nerves and try to pick up the threads. I do hope you can understand and will accept my sincere apologies for what must seem an abominable behavior, to say the least.

Last year you had a series of illnesses and operations and I am naturally in the first line concerned to learn how you got over it how you are now. I sincerely hope you are restored in health and strength to be able to run your home without undue exertion and that the unfortunate spell of last year has come to an end. — There are so many questions I would like to ask but can I do it, not even knowing how you are physically and which problems you might have to cope with. I must leave it to you to inform me in outlines how things are with you and your family — I do not and cannot expect an extensive report but a few words in telegram style would help to overcome the impasse and reassure me, at least I hope a new and better era has started for you.

So much for to-day. Accept please my warmest wishes for your good health and well-being and convey my kind regards to Paul.

Love,
Robert


My birthday is later this week, which gave Helene’s nephew Robert Zerzawy an excuse to write to his aunt and cousin in the U.S. after a long silence. In 1966, Robert was 66 years old and had lived in England for more than 25 years. We’ve seen earlier letters where we learned that his intention in the 1940s was to join his family in San Francisco. For some reason, that never happened. Although he traveled to Europe after the war, as far as I know, he did not visit the U.S. except once in the 1947. His brother Paul died in 1948 (the Paul mentioned at the end of the letter is Eva’s husband/my father). Despite all the years of letter writing, by this time it appears that the family did not correspond very often. Robert talks about his depression. In letters we have seen earlier, Helene and Hilda Firestone both wrote about his sensitive and gentle nature.  He had endured many tragedies, upheavals, and hardships in his life, and his was not a resilient temperament. After his brother Paul’s death in 1948, he was the only Zerzawy sibling still living.

I was too young to know (or be told) what was going on in 1965, but I recall visiting my mother in the hospital a few times. I know once was for a gall bladder operation but don’t know the other reasons.

One of the challenges in keeping up a relationship with each other is that I don’t think that Robert spent much time with Eva and Harry earlier in their lives. Robert would have many memories and shared experiences with Helene before she was married, but much less connection after that. He and Helene had a strong bond.  

Robert was born in 1899, more than 20 years earlier than his first cousins. He was closer in age to his aunt Helene than to her children. I believe that Robert lived in Prague before moving to England. His brother Paul was a much bigger presence and influence in their lives. He lived in Vienna and socialized often with Helene and her family. Paul came to the U.S. first and helped Eva and Harry follow. They saw each other often until his death in 1948.

An aside: one disconcerting thing  for me looking at Robert’s writing is how much it looks like my mother’s.

March 13

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Like her letters, Helene’s stories often take us on a roundabout yet satisfying journey. The story posted today begins by referring to a newspaper article about the opening of Vienna’s rebuilt opera house in 1955. She then muses on the Vienna of her memory, and regrets that her daughter Eva’s experience of that Vienna ended up being far less magical than her mother’s, especially after March 13, 1938. She tells us a bit about her impressions of living in San Francisco. After explaining the ins and outs of Vienna’s coffeehouse culture, Helene recalls a happy time from Eva’s childhood, which brings us to the title of the story – a song that was popular at the time [Per Wikipedia (using Google translate): “Oh Katharina! is the title of a one-step hit that Richard Fall composed in E flat major in 1924. The text for this was composed by the librettist Fritz Löhner under his stage name Beda. The song was published with the subtitle "Grüss dich Gott" by the Viennese Bohème-Verlag Berlin-Vienna.”].

Newspaper clipping saved by Helene Translation: Left side - State Opera House 1945: A fiery ruin in a burning, starving, trembling city; Right side - State Opera House 1955: A shining palace of fine arts, jewel of the new Vienna

Newspaper clipping saved by Helene

Translation: Left side - State Opera House 1945: A fiery ruin in a burning, starving, trembling city; Right side - State Opera House 1955: A shining palace of fine arts, jewel of the new Vienna

Excerpt of the first half of a story written by Helene in the late 1950s:

First page of story

First page of story

O, Katherina, O, Katherina

That Vienna which had reopened its new Opera building in November 1955 is as strange to me as is the North or South Pole.

I made Austria’s capital my elective home 55 years ago with an abundance of sentiment and the consuming flame of immeasurable vehemence of feelings which only a girl at the tender age of sixteen can produce who had not yet sought or found another outlet for her emotions.

As a high school girl stuffed with Greek mythology, I had the idea of Vienna as the Muse of songs and tunes, disguised as a big city. Such a metamorphosis seemed to me just as imaginable as Jupiter’s matricides.

… I have to begin with: “Once upon a time,” since I told that story to my daughter when she was just three years old.

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful habitation situated on the banks of the Danube, surrounded by an enchanting landscape, near the spurs of the Alps. The Romans on their conquests stopped and settled at that place and called it Vindobona – good wind – and later it became Vienna, a beautiful city inhabited by people who really were brought there by a good wind….

Many good fairies stood godmother, endowed it with beauty, hilarity and music. Music was in the air, in the trees, in the woods, in the flowers, and in geniuses such as Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and Brahms, who knew to listen and only had to write it down. The swallows when they left that place to visit the pyramids in Egypt told them how wonderful that place was where they came from and that they wanted to return as quickly as possible.

That and other fairy tales I told my daughter when she was somewhat older than she was as the heroine of my following tale. I guess she will never forgive me for that false notion that I gave her of her birthplace, a description existing only in my flourishing imagination, from that Vienna I loved so much and still love.

She was almost 18 years old when Hitler on the 13 March 38 conquered Vienna and was hailed as savior by well-instructed legions of imported Viennese from the Reich (Germany) and Graz, the provincial capital of Styria, that town which got for that Judas kiss the title of Die Stadt der Volkserhebung – Town of the Revolution. On that day had my daughter drunk Lethean water. All the nice recollections which she must have had sank into the trap-door of her theater. Forgotten were the evenings I spent with her at the opera, at the concerts, museums, our Sunday walks in the Vienna woods, trips to the Wachau and even the immortal works of the German poets were overturned by the creations of the united native Austrian and the Horst Wessel Lied or imported mob: Huetet euch ihr Mazzoth-Fresser, bald kommt die Nacht der langen Messer.” Watch out you matzo eater, near is the night where our long knives will be in action. …

It is not my intention to spoil my own delight and happiness at being so lucky to bask as a resident and citizen of California in the beautiful sunshine the Lord who had created radiant days with such perfection; the Lord who besides making weather had the ability to plunge all the world into an inferno.

May 5, 1924 was the third birthday of my little girl. I decided to celebrate that grand day by taking my child to the Rudolfshof which was very easy to approach or to leave if the weather should have the caprice to change.

The vast garden provided a big playground for children, with clean sand and buckets so that the kids could carry as much water as they needed from the nearby faucet. The place was at a higher level than the coffee house garden, and the parents were sitting under blooming chestnut trees on that beautiful spring day. All mothers had one thing in common: the wish to relax. They managed it in a variety of ways: by reading, embroidering, or like me, doing nothing. I took a chair to put my feet on, leaned my head on the back of a wicker chair, and closed my eyes.


Before I give a description of that glorious day, I have to convey how an old time Viennese ordered a cup of coffee, an unpretentious cup of coffee, in one of the circa 2,000 coffeehouses of the city of Vienna.

An American who had the desire for a cup of coffee would have gone to a cafeteria, would have sat down at a counter or a booth if there had been one, would have accepted without turning a hair a cup with its dark contents and without much ado. Cream, sugar, ketchup, mustard, Worcestershire sauce, tabasco and toothpicks were always on any table or counter and he could put in his cup whatever and however much as he wanted. The waitress wouldn’t give him a look or a thought, would write the bill and put it upside down before the guest. He would drink, pay and the whole affair would have been over in a few minutes. What an easy job to work in an American coffee shop. For an American, a cup of coffee is a cup of coffee, nothing else except that in the ten years since I lived in one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, in San Francisco the price for a cup of coffee jumped from a nickel (5 cents) to a dime (10 cents). 

A traveler who had not enjoyed the Vienna I have known would have to learn by heart some rules or expressions before he had the right to say he knew the famous Viennese coffee houses.

There were from the standpoint of the vessels as well as from the curtains so many variations:

·      One tasse equals about a cup
·      One glass contains the same amount, but some people prefer to drink their coffee out of a stem-glass.
·      One schale is a cup of medium size
·      One Nuss had a double meaning. As measurement it meant a small cup like a nutshell, as stimulant it meant a dollhouse sized cup of coffee with enough milk to turn the beverage the color of a nutshell. (The American meaning “nuts” would have been more adequate.)
·      One Turkish (my favorite) was a concoction of powdered, finest coffee, boiled in a special way with sugar in a conic-shaped vessel with a long stem of copper or brass, served in the little pot in which it was boiled, put on a tray with a glass of ice water and an empty dollhouse-sized cup.

To order the coffee the way you wanted it was a little bit more difficult. The Viennese didn’t just order the empty container:

·      Tasse mit Schlag was a big eggshell-china cup with whipped cream
·      Tasse mit Doppelschlag was the same with a double amount of whipped cream.
·      Tasse: more brown meant the same container, but not too much milk, without Schlag (whipped cream)
·      Schale “more brown” was a medium-sized cup. (I suppose that after World War II no Viennese had the desire of “more brown.” [Helene drew a swastika]

The price for all mentioned kinds was the same.

·      A Kapuziner was always understood to be a small cup of coffee with milk in the color of the garb of a Capuchin monk (not lighter, not darker).
·      A Mocca was a small dollhouse-sized cup of always ready black coffee, contrary to the always freshly prepared Turkish.

Now, with the apprentice David in “Meistersinger” who introduced the knight Walther von Stolzing into the mysteries of a mastersong, I would say: These are only the names, now learn to order your cup of coffee. The memory of a Viennese waiter was amazing. When he approached a table of a dozen people who ordered at least half a dozen, he only seldom made a mistake and if he did, he would have apologized. With an air worthy of a more important affair, he wrote down the orders, repeated them by throwing a glance at each guest, and when everybody nodded appreciatively, the waiter went to the counter where the orders were effectuated, and with the greatest calmness he asked for: six with and six without. With an inimitable nonchalance, he distributed the cups in the opposite order that had been made. No German guest would have accepted something he had not ordered. But the Viennese tourist who got a table in such an establishment considered himself lucky to be asked by a waiter for his wishes at all and he by no means complained. He was so happy, tired and glad to have an opportunity to relax that he willingly accepted that 2+2=5 and consumed what the waiter had put before him. If one of the guests made a fuss, the coffee was taken from him, given to somebody at the next table who couldn’t wonder enough about the attention the waiter paid to him, but the complaining guest could wait until doomsday for another cup and would have accepted with pleasure that cup he had refused before, but he had lost his chance. 

Maybe in the resurrected Vienna, the coffee house habits have not changed totally, since not all Viennese are gone. Therefore, European travelers who pass Vienna, I freely give you the first lesson in coffeeology which you must learn by heart if you don’t want to be recognized as a greenhorn. (That is a terrible thing. Believe me, I speak with some authority about that subject).


Photo of Helene with young Eva

Photo of Helene with young Eva

That tedious lesson was necessary to understand the trouble of a mother of a three-year-old, taking her out for a trip.

I told my girl: “Eva, it is your birthday and I will take you out without your little brother.”
-“That is fine.”
-“Will you not take along your new doll?”
-“I don’t want to carry it along all day.”
-“No maternal instinct at all,” I thought.
-“Where shall we go, Eva? Prater or Rudolfshof?”
-“Rudolshof, and I want to have an ice-bombe.” (different flavors of ice cream in various colors, imbedded in two shells of meringue, big enough to serve four people)
-“All right,” I said and thought she will not be always three years old. Today I will let her have her will and I will say to the waitress to fill it with only half the amount.

We took the streetcar #38 and my daughter behaved herself and accepted the seat I had chosen, unlike her general habit. She looked very pretty in her new dress of white muslin with blue dots.

At the Waisenhausgasse Orphanage stop, two capuchin monks entered the car and seated themselves opposite of us.

-“Mutti, why have the two men no hats and go on the street in their housecoats?
-“They don’t wear housecoats” I whispered, “and don’t talk so loud.”
-“Why?”
-“It is not customary. Imagine if everybody would talk as loud as you do at the same time, what a noise there would be in the streetcar.”
-“But nobody besides me talks.” 
-“Because all people here in the tram have better manners,” I lisped into her ear. “Nobody is interested in your conversation. Therefore, if you have to tell me something or want to ask me a question, do it in a way that not all the people have to listen to it.”
-“The two men wear clotheslines instead of belts. Why are they dressed so funny?”
-“They are monks and the garb they wear is required by the order they belong to,” I whispered and repeated: “Please lower your voice.”

I tried to divert her attention to something on the street but my daughter didn’t care about what was going on outside.

-“What are monks?”
-“Priests. And now be silent for a little while, please. Take into consideration that not all people like to have their thoughts disturbed.”
-“What kind of priests?”
-“Kapuziner (Capuchins).”

Immediately my daughter started to sing a hit, just in vogue at that time: “O, Katherina, o, Katherina schenk mir ein ‘nen Kapuziner.” (O, Catherine, o, Catherine, Serve me a little cup of dark, brown coffee), but the way my child pronounced it when she picked up that song on the street ran: “O, Catherine, o, Catherine, present me with a little monk.”

I dropped my handbag, lost my color and my wits, and my only wish was to leave the car.

-“Come along Eva, we have to get out.”
-“No, it is not yet the terminal and Rudolfshof is the next to last station.”
-“You are right, but I remembered that I have an errand here in the neighborhood and then we will take the next car.”
-“Today is my birthday and I want you not to run errands.”

Disregarding her objection, I pulled the cord and approached the exit, but my daughter showed not the slightest inclination to leave the tram. The car stopped at the next corner but my child didn’t want to leave the car and I had to postpone my “errand.” Eva ran back to where the monks were sitting, placing her little person before them. The older one was a very stout man; the younger one was tall and slim. I was afraid that my daughter would make some remarks to continue the conversation. I took her hand and wanted to tie her to a bench in the most remote corner, but Eva grasped with her other little paw the garment of one of the monks, without finding it worthwhile to contradict my: “Come and sit down, please.” 

-“What is your name, please?” she asked the older priest, bending her head a little to one side and casting him a coquettish glance, which had she been fifteen years older would have been called “irresistible.”
-The friendly priest said, smiling: “Father Anselmo.”
-“And yours?” she asked with a similar look to the younger priest.
-“Frater Clemens.”
-“My name is Eva Maria Nehoc and my mother’s name is Helene and my father’s is Vitali.”

 All passengers, except me, seemed very amused and I thought: “five minutes more and all the people in the car would be informed in which income tax bracket we belong.” 

-“Why did my mutti tell me your names were Kapuziner?”
-“That is the name of our brotherhood.”
-“The name of our brotherhood is Harry.”
-“I think you love your brother very much,” said the young priest.
-“Not too much. He is screaming a lot and so loud.”
-“How old is he?”
-“Three months.”
-“You did the same when you were a baby, only you can’t remember.”
-“Maybe, but I had no brother nor sister who would be annoyed by my hollering.”
-“But you have parents, who perhaps didn’t like it either.”
-“Oh, they didn’t mind,” she said deprecatingly.

For a few minutes I didn’t listen to what my daughter told them, but it must have been something very funny because all our fellow-passengers roared with laughter. Even the two monks were smiling.

My daughter still stood before them supporting herself on their knees as the car took a sharp curve. I rose from my seat and asked my little girl to be good and sit down.

-“Mutti, you have to give Father Anselmo and Frater Clemens some money to buy themselves socks, they don’t have any.”
-I tore her away vigorously and said: “I will, but not on the streetcar.”
-“Why?”
-“In churches are boxes to put money in.”
-“But you never go to churches. Will you go to their homes?”
-“I will go to a church today and you can accompany me.”
-“Poor men. They have to wash their feet very often, don’t they?”
-I bent to her ear and whispered: “They do, but please be quiet, really my head aches from your talking continually.”
-“If you have a headache, I am sure you will not go to church today. Shall I ask for their address so you can pay them a visit to their home?”

I was at the end of my wits and did not answer her anymore, but Heaven heard my prayer. The two monks had to leave at the next stop. An elderly lady saw that the two priests had risen to leave the car, stood up too to kiss their hands. My daughter watched it, ran to the exit and called: “Father Anselmo, Frater Clemens, please wait a moment, my mutti wants to kiss your hands too.”

That time they didn’t pay attention to the wish of my daughter.

The car moved in the same direction the two Kapuziner monks walked, and when we passed them Eva waved with her little hand and they answered her salutation with a smile.

March 7

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Today letter is from Helene to her nephew Robert in England. It was mostly written in English. The translated German passages are in Italic.

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Istanbul, 7 March 46

Dear Robert, My Heaven sent boy! Without you I should be always waiting for letters still, and for some dear loving words. In the meantime, I received plenty of letters from Eva and her husband (he seems to be a nice fellow) and Harry enclosed four always-short letters which proved me that they innermost have not changed. Outside, of course, Harry appears nearly unrecognizable, but not to me. From the flapper Eva became a young woman, her face has not altered.

You wrote me in your last letter: “There is no going back to the past for all of us.” Yes, Robert, I am sorry because there is no road back. Then you continued: “But your children are real. They may have changed - it would be unthinkable that they hadn’t. But that doesn’t offset your relationship. They would have changed in normal times too because they are grown up, and now live their independent life. Is that not right and good so?” Yes, Robert! It is right and good so. Thousand times yes!  

Robert, I can’t remember what I have written to you, but from your letters I can see that I must have been crazy. There is a Russian proverb: Look before you leap, and then don’t leap! I will make a variation of it. Think before you write, and then, don’t write! Had I had an idea of it, that you will send my letters which seem to me now to have shown the symptoms of madness I had not sent them away. Dear Robert, don’t mistake me. It is not in the least a reproach, and I didn’t consider it as an indiscretion. I only wouldn’t worry them. Mothers in their love are sometimes egotistical. I rewarded your gentleness, your sympathy, and your affection badly by pouring out all my trouble and cares on you. This letter you can show them; they ought to have knowledge what a beastly mother they have.  

There is one excuse for my hoggish behavior. In Vienna Paul was my - I use an expression by Galsworthy - business-nurse. To play the role of a father confessor, he had seldom time for me. There were too many “brothers and sisters.” Since your last stay in Vienna I found out that we have similar related souls and I mean related not in the sense of family or relationship but more of the “elective affinities” [Die Wahlverwandtschaften – a novel by Goethe].

A little scene. You took me out with your car. You, Paul and I had coffee and cakes in a little inn. Before we reached this “Jause Station” [a cafe], you stopped your car when you have seen in a meadow primroses, the first of the year; you gathered them while Paul and I remained in the auto. I watched you and said to Paul: “Look now, Robert has just the same expression on his face as he had as a little boy with (always, please tell it to Hilda) short hair and a straw hat which was like a halo on his head! You gave me this nice looking nosegay and I was very pleased with it, more as by the thought than one from a flower shop. The innkeeper, an old, fine lady, told us how she came to this little coffeehouse, etc, etc, and when we said adieu, she said: “the lean gentleman is your husband, is he not? One can see it immediately because he is so careful.” There were no time and no reason to correct her mistake. I left this little coffeehouse (in English, I know it; but for that term there is no synonym) amused, and flattered of course.

The next day you made another trip in the Vienna Woods in another company. When you came to have dinner with us, you brought me, wrapped in a doe skin, the first violets. That was so nice Robert, so very, very nice of you. The doe skin I stored away, hoping to give it back to you. It is gone with all our things, but not the recollection of how I happened to keep your doe skin. It is unbelievable what little events are stored away in our brains and how dear those little intermezzi can be.

Before I fell in the melancholy way, I lived more in the present and in the future, and here I seek refuge in the past. On the delay of my departure I am not quite without guilt. Had I written to you about the money affair, things would have been altered. But I didn’t know in which pecuniary condition Eva and her husband are living, I know Harry a soldier. Before the Joint Association asked for the money, every delay seemed to me a new punishment, but I comforted myself saying: The only good thing in this bad job is that the children have not to pay for my passage. My wits began to turn once I knew they have to pay for it, and I stayed here so long I can say Lugsi [?] voluntarily.

Robert, you mentioned in your last letter that I told you that I am reading Shakespeare, but I hope you will not have expected letters in Shakespearean style. I am glad to receive letters in the English language. It enlarges my knowledge of it and compels me to think in this language. Reading letters is so much easier and more agreeable. I am astonished that you write German correctly still, while my children obviously have forgotten a great deal.

Enclosed is a letter to Paul. You will be astonished about that. But I will explain it to you. Today is Thursday, and generally two ladies from the Jewish society come to pay us a visit, distributing cakes and asking for letters which they mail for us. Therefore perhaps you have received some letters with an unknown sender. Apart from this I don’t know Paul’s address. By all means it would be more plain to attach this letter to one to Eva or Harry, but I sent both of the two a letter this week and I must not spoil them.

Robert, you made excuses in your last letter for your acting like a school master. No reason! After reading Harry’s letters I know I deserve much more to be told off than you. You are right if you blame me. Robert, if I am in San Francisco and I am so happy that you will come there too, I will make a thick line under the chapter Kassel - Istanbul insomuch it is concerning my person, of course not for Vitali, the only grief since I know Harry is out of danger. I am so happy about that and that Eva has found a nice husband is a great satisfaction to me.

In your last letter, you told me I will make friends in USA. I don’t believe so. I will find kindliness, compassion, that is what I fear. Did I mention it because you wrote: “I want you to understand it would be wrong to refuse kindness wherever it is given.” Robert, will you be my tutor and advise me to deal with people? I am not afraid with the children. We taught them to enjoy merriments. I am so sorry about Nathan with respect to Hilda. She is such a darling. There is a great comfort she knows how and when he died. Most of the European widows don’t know it. Perhaps you will have trouble to understand my English, the next letter I will write in German again. Please Robert now, where air mail is possible, write me very often and soon. It is so fine to receive letters in a really and mentally seclusion. One fact I must state, I endeavored to try to be balanced. I don’t know if I have been successful. However sometimes, long, long ago, I succeeded in by using a kind of gallows humor by getting myself in a better mood, but long distance, it is somewhat difficult.

I make myself reproaches, that my letters to you had a bad influence on your humor and I committed a crime to impose upon you. Please Robert, take care of you, we will cause each other as few griefs as possible.

Your Helen
Farewell and don’t be angry with me.

...loving
Yours Helen 

The sentence was not crossed out by any censorship agency, but rather I did that myself because I myself absolutely couldn’t understand what I wanted to say when I read over the letter to try to correct a few mistakes.

There is so many room to fill up with nice things to tell you and I have so much in store for you. Especially for you because you were also so many years so very alone [the mother of all German words for ‘loneliness’] Now I am thinking not on England, I thought on Brüx after the death of Kätelein. I am and I was always more thinking about you than you perhaps imagine. To be true to my principles is not to bestow anything/something to the post office, especially the Turkish. I send you so many kisses as there is room and more still

Your Helen

Airmail postage is very expensive and it is very uneconomical to leave white space. Instead of tell you off when I see you I will give you a long, big kiss on your snout. Hilda would be upset about such an unladylike expression. To her must I say: Have you expected to receive a lady? The Kazet [concentration camp] is not a girls high school. The way the female guards have spoken to us would have caused soldiers to blush.


One thing that has become clear is how proud and independent she was. In many respects, that is a great thing. However, her letters show us she was uncomfortable asking for financial assistance from family members, which may have prevented her and Vitali’s safe passage from Vienna before it was too late. In this letter too, she is sorry she hadn’t asked for monetary assistance earlier, assuming that the bureaucracy of the Joint would provide the assistance she needed.

You can see that Helene made a point of filling every inch of space on the paper, commenting on the cost of postage and the desire not to waste a penny. She made sure to include many loving signatures and endearments, not wanting to let go of this connection to her past, present, and hopefully future.

I continue to be amazed at how much was shared across the oceans. Letters traveled from Istanbul to London to San Francisco so that everyone knew what was happening with their loved ones abroad. This turned out to be a happy practice for me, since I would not have this letter otherwise.

Despite all that Helene has been through, she still has great empathy for others. She feels that she and Robert are kindred spirits. She lovingly recalls things that Robert did as a child and young adult. She grieves with his many losses and current solitude: his half-sister Käthe died in 1918 at the age of 14 and Robert lost his own mother before he was three and his step-mother/aunt when he was 10.

March 4

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

This long letter to Harry was written over the course of two days. Words in italics were written in English in the original letter.

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                                                                        Istanbul, 3 March 46

My dear, dear He-Hi-Ho-Hu-Harry,

I am so happy, so unspeakably happy to get mail from you and to know what one lives for. My happiness laughs out of your eyes. Everl’s face hasn’t changed as much as my piano-dissecting, washhouse-key-destroying, tooth-knocking-outing, not-wanting-to-learn-anything useless rascal, Harry. For the sake of the great services he has shown the U.S.A., I will forgive him for all this.

From Ebi, I got one of her patented telegram letters two days ago and she hid from me what her photo revealed, that she will need me soon. How vain mothers are, even when they think they’re being clever.

People have mothers or they don’t, but they’re not really necessary now in the time of the atom bomb. It’s no longer the modern style to write long letters I know, but I am not going to follow this trend any more than I did those of wearing yellow-orange lipstick or vermillion nail polish - I didn’t do that either. My son-in-law I am sure I will like very much. Here I sometimes see American newspapers with the picture section. What is wrong on it? The happy Goldsmith family photo is incorrect – it says that he drinks and she doesn’t. (I am upset about it.) And that she smokes and he does not. (I am even more upsetter)

Harry, what you all suspected is right. In this I recognize that you are more the children of your father than mine. You are very intelligent, but in one point you lack Vitali’s spirit. Letters which cannot be delivered remain at the main post office for three months before they are sent back. In case there is a demand, your letters would have been presented in a packet. Doesn’t matter! As long as we were together, I never thought that I could become old. I thought that I would always remain young with you, always understand your tricks and jokes. Papa’s sparkling temperament contributed a lot to that. I believed that nature would forget to have me get old. Sometimes in the autumn when November storms caused the leaves overnight from the trees on the Ringstrasse to fall, I sometimes saw one or two trees that still had their green leaves and it looked as if they were strong enough to weather the winter storms. But that was just the appearance of it. A few days later they were just as bald as all the other ones. I lost my green leaves and I am so glad that you still love the Helen-tree that has lost its leaves. Inside I am not really that old; and if you want to decorate me like a Christmas tree, nobody will see on me what kind of storms I survived on the Lüneburg Heath [where Germany surrendered May 4 1945, a three-hour drive from Ravensbrück] and on the Sea of Marmara [Istanbul].

Now, however, let’s get to the matter at hand. Every month transports leave here directly to America. Of course, soldiers are taken first. Some ships have a policy of not taking women on board. Thousands of students are also waiting for a spot on a ship. I don’t dare think about the possibility of flying. Everl thought I wouldn’t want to fly. Really? Didn’t I go through training for that with you on the Hochschaubahn [roller coaster in Vienna’s Prater]? I would, if I had to, dare to take this trip in a herring barrel. A good thing that came out of the “University of Nazi Germany” is this: Nobody is afraid, nobody who survived it knows fear. The only fear is fear of yourself, in other words, the fear of fear. It is as if someone who suffers from insomnia is tired and sleepy, lays down and the fear of not falling asleep means that he does not fall asleep. You advised me to go to the American Consulate and the Vice Consul is a “charming” person and he showed me the same consideration that you were shown at the Vienna Consulate back then. I was armed with your letters and at your advice, I will ask Yomtov to accompany me to the consulate. If the result is negative, I will send you a telegram with the request to contact the General Consul about the matter by telegraph.

I will, as Papa would say, take the matter into my own hands. Up until now I had to let the Joint Committee take care of it. But I believe, little Harry, that Yomtov and I will manage to take care of this. As I said, if not, we will send a telegram.  

Since November I have been in touch with Robert. You cannot imagine how much moral support he has been for me. His dear devotion really gave me some courage. From March to November I got, other than 2 telegrams from Everl, no mail. Thank God that this bad time is over, and I hope I will soon find out from the Red Cross where Papa is living.  

I was shocked by the death of Nathan. Poor, poor Hilda! I have not had the courage to send my condolences to her by letter. I wrote her several times, I also wrote to Bertha and Tillie.

Also, in Vitali’s family there have been some accidents in the last two years. As his youngest sister was visiting F, she suddenly, without any indication that she’d been ill, died. A brother-in-law of Ida Cohen jumped off the tram and ended up under a car and he was fatally injured. The daughter of Onkel Bondi got married when she was 17 years old. She was supposed to be a real beauty, and this is why she could marry without money. You know that this is only possible once every four years on a leap year. At age 18, she had the first baby, which was 9 months old in August. A second was on the way and the mother-in-law forced her to do something about it. She obeyed. 24 hours later, she was dead. Vitali’s brother is crushed. I did not know this niece, but I was also very concerned. I heard that there might be legal repercussions.

In the first months that I spent in Moda, I got quite a few visitors. But then I lived in Burgaz and then in Balat, both places which are hard to get to. When someone wanted to visit me, I was usually somewhere else, and I could hardly blame anybody if they don’t have a taste for this hide and go seek game. — Tomorrow, Monday, I will sneak out to Stamboul. I will see if I can get away with it. While I am writing to you, I am looking every now and then at your pictures. Is the young lady really my Everl, and isn’t she ashamed to be in such an intimate position with a man I do not know? And is the handsome young man who looks like a well-paid film star really my product? What is Paul doing? Why doesn’t he let himself be heard from? What is new with the Zentners and the Schillers? I am asking too many questions now all of a sudden, but you had a long quiet period from me, so I won’t even excuse myself for doing this. I greet all. Please say hello to everyone from me, including Robert, and tell him how much I thank him.

Harry, I hope the sky doesn’t fall which would rob me of my great fortune of being with you again.

I kiss you
Helen

                        4. March 46

My dear little boy,

I read through what I wrote yesterday and I find that I didn’t go into enough detail about the most important points. Enclosed is a copy of a letter to the consulate. You see that I have made mention of the fact that you are or were a soldier. I don’t know if it was September or October. I think in October I got a letter from the San Francisco Committee for Service to Emigrées with a notification that my affidavit was dispatched on the 23rd of July and that I should get in touch with the consulate immediately. That happened after various reminder letters sent on my part and by the 15th of November, 1945, my papers were in order. At the beginning of November, we refugees moved from Moda to Antigoni. Our situation in life became much worse, and because of the worsening of our situation, the painful aftermath of the Kazet [aka KZ – the German word for concentration camp], and the constant worry about Papa, and of course about you, made it possible for me to go to Balat to a Jewish hospital for the poor. The only way you could survive that is with humor and iron will power. I recovered quickly and I would have been able to leave 14 days later, but the boss of the committee to stay as long as I could until they could find a better shelter for me. My living costs would be covered by the Joint until my entrance into the hospital. Because of this, I was assigned not to Joint but to the Cultus [sp?] community as their responsibility. Since I wasn’t costing Joint any money, it wasn’t important for the men here to worry about my case. They just forgot about me. On the 2nd January 1946, I left the hospital. All papers and my exit visa were ready. Suddenly, they got the idea to ask specifically of me money for the passage. I can’t really speak about it the way I would want to yet, but the men of the committee know what I think about this. Now that I know that you children are standing by me, I am regaining my courage. You wrote that I would be able to see from the affidavit that Eva works as a Nurse-Secretary. I have not seen the affidavit yet. The American substitute for a passport and the affidavit will be issued to me, but not until they tell me which ship I will be taking. At the consulate they told us that the Joint is getting the ship seats. Joint told me that the consulate would be dealing with the seats that are free first. Isn’t that cute? Isn't that right? The actual value of the consulate in Vienna - I found out about that when I was on the Drottninghölm where I had the time and opportunity to do some studies. I have to go. I want to go to Stambul, that is Pera, to the Consulate.

Kisses
Mutti


At first, I wasn’t going to comment on this letter because it’s so rich and can stand on its own. As I thought about how much information and feeling is packed into a few pages, I wanted to pause and appreciate.

Helene refers to photos of her children and how much Harry in particular has changed. He was just 15 when Helene had last seen him in 1939, and by 1946 he would have been 22. Eva was already 18 when she left, so was far more recognizable almost seven years later.

Below are photos of Harry and Eva – their Turkish passport photos from early 1939, one of Harry on the ship to the U.S. in October 1939, and one as a soldier in the 1940s with “laughing eyes”. I imagine this the photo of Eva and her husband Ludwig that Helene mentions – she holding a cigarette and he a glass. It’s possible that she was pregnant – Helene certainly thinks so. Eva suffered several miscarriages before I came along.

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I imagine that Helene is referring to the photo of Eva and her husband Ludwig below – Eva holding a cigarette and her husband is holding a glass. It’s possible that she was pregnant – Helene certainly thinks so. Unfortunately, over many years Eva suffered several miscarriages before finally successfully having a child (me).

PH.0692.1945.JPG

Looking at the letter from the beginning we learn something new every few sentences – the letter has few paragraph breaks – I have added them for clarity.

We learn that:

·      In the second sentence, Helene summarizes Harry’s childhood antics in just a few words – my mother and Harry often joked about his dismantling the piano when he was a child. Of course, he was not able to put it back together so it ended up being an expensive experiment! Perhaps Harry is playing on the same piano in the photo below:

PH.0874.1937.JPG

·      Although Eva wrote to her mother about her marriage and sent a photo, she provided very little information about Helene’s new son-in-law.

·      Helene sent many letters to her children but didn’t have the correct addresses for them so were not delivered (and eventually returned?). She bemoans that her children did not think to go to the post office to see if anything was waiting for them – Vitali would have done so. At least in the Vienna of her memory, mail got to its recipient even when the address was mysterious. This must have been awful for Helene who was finally “free” in Istanbul and able to write to her family, yet heard nothing from anyone but her nephew Robert in England.

·      After all she has been through at the hands of the Nazis and in Istanbul, Helene has aged and no longer looks or feels as young as she once was. In Vienna, being a mother and married to charming Vitali who always kept her spirits up, she was able to feel that time stood still.

·      The logistics and challenges of getting to America – Helene is willing to do whatever it takes to finally be reunited with her children.

·      There have been many family tragedies, including the death of Hilda’s husband and deaths of several members of Vitali’s family. We see the effects of abortion when one of Vitali’s nieces was “forced to do something about” a pregnancy. Interesting to see abortion discussed in a letter – it was such a taboo subject when I was growing up that I couldn’t imagine someone writing about it. Was Helene more willing to talk about difficult things, especially after all she’d been through? Was it the result of her being the daughter of a journalist who sought to tell the truth or the fact that she and her husband were valued freedom of thought and lived a bohemian lifestyle? Interesting that Helene was Bohemian in both senses of the word – someone from Bohemia and someone who lived an unconventional lifestyle compared to those of her neighbors.

·      Helene has little freedom in Istanbul and must “sneak out” to take care of business. Because she has been moved several times in Istanbul, relatives cannot find her to provide company and support.

·      Helene had been in contact with a Jewish organization in San Francisco.

·      After all she’d been through, Helene suffered what would have been called a “nervous breakdown” and was hospitalized for a few weeks. The Joint, the Jewish organization that had been supporting her stay in Istanbul, encouraged her to stay longer so that they would not have to pay for her lodging. She finds herself yet another kind of prisoner. For someone who had led an independent life and supported herself since she was 16 years old, these past years of powerlessness, loss, and endless bureaucracy must have been unbearable. Every time she thought she’d overcome a hurdle, another higher one was placed in front of her.

March 2

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

LT.0554.1946 (1.2) front.JPG
LT.0554.1946 (2.2) back.JPG

 

Istanbul, 2 March 46

Everli, my golden Everli!

Isn’t it strange that I got the first letter from you on the anniversary of my “liberation?” Here it is winter. We have the wonderful show that nature puts on to watch. Within 24 hours all four seasons with their advantages and disadvantages - that’s what we experience here. It’s a spring day. Almond trees and other trees and bushes whose names are not known to me are blooming. Around mid-day the sun was beating down with such intensity like in the middle of summer. Suddenly, some dark clouds came up. At first this looked like it would bring a cooling summer rain, but gradually there were mixed in with the raindrops little pieces of hail and then snowflakes. So strange - they were so big that you would think it was Hollywood (one or two “l”s?) just finishing up a guest performance in Istanbul. The night was icy cold and I was freezing in my little room which cannot be heated. I was under two heavy blankets and I was pitiful in that situation. I did what I always criticized Vitali for when he did it - I put my coat and all of my clothes over my feet. When I woke up in the morning and wanted to change my embryonic state, I saw the most splendid winter landscape that I had ever seen in my life. Palm trees, magnolias, almond trees, and laurel trees were covered with snow. A blue sky and the sun was going up like a red balloon. The snow disappeared incredibly fast from the trees and bushes. The sun looked golden and I opened the window which I had so fearfully closed. It was singing in me: Winter storms make way for the moon of delight [does some wordplay with “Unwalkürlich” play on Unwillkürlich/Walküre - involuntarily]. The large amounts of snow metamorphosed into ponds. The paths were impassable. I think the god of weather wanted to make an impression on me and pulled out all the stops. The Lodos [strong south-westerly wind, like the Mistral in southern France and the Santa Anas in southern California] paraded with the trees, having them do knee bends until the ponds disappeared and the dirt on the streets looked like mountains of mud. It led me to believe that there would be a new summer afternoon. It’s cold again, it’s raining. The oven in the day room is eating up forests of wood. Around the oven, people are sitting and letting themselves be baked. I am not cold, I’m warm and I have the sun in my heart since yesterday. But your long letter did not completely satisfy me. I am dying to know about my son, your husband. I want to know more about him than just his name. I don’t share your fear that a description could be too conceited. You could have tried to say something negative about him. This is the first and I swear the last mother-in-law advice that I have given you. There is nothing else I can do besides follow your advice and form my own judgement about this.

The day before yesterday I found out about your money transmission (100 lire) which I’m very grateful for. As much as cousin Yomtov has taken on my case and has declared himself ready to pay for the costs of my boat crossing, the Joint committee would not take payment in lire and insisted that payment had to be made in dollars. Here too he could have found a way, but the Joint insisted on the dollar transmission, although thousands and thousands of people have managed to be sent to their country of destination without even paying a penny. I will get to the bottom of this thing as soon as I am over there with you. I have to go now. In a half hour we can’t have any more lights burning. Be well my little bunny. Good night. Soon I will feel your good night kiss, not just in my dreams.

Your Mutti

——-

[In English]

My dear Ludwig,

Many thanks for your kind lines and the courage you have given to me. The very thought to be able to live with and for you makes me happy and I hope never to be a stumbling-stone in your happiness. You quoted a sentence by Voltaire I had not known and I found it very true. I remember another from him about Rousseau: “Poor Rousseau should have a blood transfusion, for his own blood is a mixture of arsenic and vitriol. He is the most unhappy human being because he is the most evil.” Does this quotation not much more fit to Hitler? By and by I feel reconciled with my fate. What it took away from me, it gave to my children. Eva her husband, Harry his independence. I thank you for your effort to look out for a bigger place and I assure you I will endeavor to keep your home well as long as you want it. Although I am only a shadow of my own self I wish to be helpful if not even to you but to your children. I am the fairy tale grandmother devoured by the greedy world. Do you know another grandmother who can tell her grandchild this adventure with more authority? Just now I am not afraid by the big bad wolf and you must not fear I will amuse your little son or daughter with the description of the bad digestion of the poor voracious animal.

My dear Ludwig, you have taken from us one of the two most valuable things we possess and still I am not cross with you. It is funny, is it not? Please ask your wife to translate my first little letter into a correct English. I hope to hear from you very soon, but I should prefer to see you personally much sooner.

Love,
Helen

 


Again we have a letter rich with imagery, detail, and enough information to help us understand Helene’s life in Istanbul. She mentions her “liberation” in quotation marks, because although she was no longer a prisoner in Ravensbrück, for her the past year has been a different kind of imprisonment. She gratefully writes of Vitali’s relative Yomtov who has been working to help Helene get the money and paperwork to go to San Francisco. We saw some of Yomtov’s letters in January.

Winter in Istanbul is very different from Vienna, but Helene suffers some of the same hardship. Her residence is poorly heated and she does not have enough blankets or clothing to keep warm. The Lodos are strong south-westerly winds, much like the Mistral in southern France or the Santa Anas in southern California. Even after all she’s been through, she continues to use humor and word play, keeping as light a tone as possible. She is trying not to sound depressed and heartbroken – at her experience in Ravensbrück, at losing Vitali, at the lost years seeing her children grow up, at losing her beloved Vienna, and now at the sorrow of not having been by her daughter’s side for her wedding.

Eva apparently shared little about her husband, including a key detail that he originally was from Germany and was fluent in German. So Helene struggles to say grateful and kind words to him in English.

It is a bit disorienting for me to read her note to Ludwig, my father. She writes of telling stories to her grandchild. I am that grandchild. I don’t know if she ever told me about the fairy tale big bad wolf or the real one she personally experienced. All I remember is a woman who was sweet, loving, and kind — despite the hell she had experienced.

Helene will finally be reunited with her children in a few months. Here is a photo probably taken later that year. Although a bit blurry, it is nice to see Helene looking so happy after all she’s been through.

Helene, Harry, Eva, Ludwig

Helene, Harry, Eva, Ludwig

February 23

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

First page of letter from Hilda Firestone

First page of letter from Hilda Firestone

San Francisco, Calif.
Feb.23, ‘46

Helene dearest,

I’ve always considered a typewriter a most impersonal machine, wholly inadequate for an expression of any emotion deeper than a plea for payment of a laundry bill. But in this case it’s my deep affection for you that prompts me to use it, as I feel that it’s hard enough for you to struggle with the English language without having to decipher my hieroglyphics, which, which my best friends tell me would strike terror to the heart of the most eminent archaeologist alive. Of course I regret not being able to write in your own language, But Paul long ago stopped my lessons in despair, and I consoled myself with the thought that I can at least understand a tiny bit of German, till one night not so long ago I convulsed a room full of people by thinking that “ich grolle nicht” meant I don’t growl [actual meaning: I bear no grudge]. So much for my linguistic ability.

But neither in German nor in English could I begin to make you understand what it means to me to be able to talk to you in this way. It seemed so hopeless for so long a time. You know, Helene dear, that you go back to some of my earliest childhood memories, and so in some very sweet and undefinable way you belong to me, along with other lovely scenes of so terribly long ago. With grandfather, for instance, and with a picture that used to hang on his bedroom wall, and which later on turned out to be Paul and Robert. You will see it when you come - you probably remember it, a group of adorable, wistful, blond children with a fat comfortable-looking grandmother and a somewhat stern father sitting in their midst. The grandmother looks as if her sole purpose on earth is to stuff them with lebkuchen, but the father, I suspect, was unduly interested in their report cards. (I’m afraid my typing is as confusing as my own hand). You are identified particularly with a most beautiful book of German folk songs, which you sent me, and from which I derived my idea — now long shattered, I’m afraid — of God as a very benign person. The book contained a picture of him, sitting on a cloud surrounded by baby angels. The song it illustrated was “Weiss du wie viel Sternlein stehen” which was always my favorite. There was another book, too, but that, I believe, was from your mother, so I mustn’t hold you responsible for all the sleepless nights it caused me. That was about a little girl and a little boy who seem to have been everything they shouldn’t have been, and the punishments inflicted upon them were almost worthy of Hitler. There was a picture, I remember, of the girl with her dress in flames, the fire mounting to her hair, and another one showing her being put through a wringer, and being ironed out with a hot iron, and her brother or playmate — whoever he was — had hay growing out of his nose and ears, and rats and mice romping around in it. I’ll show you that, too, when you come. We can have a good laugh over it. Shall it be with afternoon tea, or do you think you could be sufficiently American for a cocktail, or better still, a whisky and soda? That seems to be Robert’s favorite drink as well as mine. I like the relaxation it brings to taut nerves at the end of the day. Robert is another bond in common, Helene. I began to write to him six years ago, merely to tell him all about Paul and now I find that I’m doing it only for my own radiant joy in the friendship. For I find in Robert a capacity for affection and tenderness that I yearn for. It is strange, is it not, that the most profound spiritual happiness I have now is from a man I’ve never seen? The children seem to have forgotten to tell you that I’m now alone. Nathan died in September, ‘43. I had known for years that he had a heart condition, but I kept lulling myself to sleep with that oft-repeated nonsense about people with heart trouble outliving everyone else. At the end he was gone in less than an hour. When I say I’d lulled myself to sleep I’m not being entirely accurate. For six years I’d been worried every moment of the day. When he was working at nights, from the moment I expected him home until he was in the house I’d stand at the bedroom window watching headlights coming over the hill. When he was resting during the day, I’d tiptoe into the room to listen to his breathing. At symphony concerts if he came on the stage a minute later than I expected him to, I was ready to go backstage and see if he was well. He was my husband and child all in one. But ironically, the last day, I paid little attention to him. It was fearfully hot, and everyone was more or less miserable. When he complained of not feeling well, I made very light of it, and merely suggested that he see the doctor for a check-up, as he had a quartet concert a few days ahead. I went to the doctor with him, and at three o’clock the doctor pronounced him perfect. Fifteen minutes later I had a little errand and left him in the car. I was gone less than five minutes, and when I returned he was unconscious. That was all. The thing that couldn’t possibly happen to me had happened, and I felt as if nothing would ever again be important. But gradually all the old zest for sheer living is returning, the old desires, the old curiosity, the old sense of joy in just a spring day. So here I am. You are the one person ono earth to whom I should never speak of anything but happy things, but I have a strange feeling that when you are in San Francisco you will be the one woman to whom I will be able to speak unrestrainedly. I’ve never been very close to women. Nathan used to say that one has only a certain amount of love to give and that my entire supply went to the few men who were important to me. My friends all know me. Only a few days ago one of them called me up and coaxed me to come out to lunch, and when I tried to beg off (because I hate to eat lunch) she said maliciously, “Really, I should think you’d come out once in awhile when my husband is not at home.” It’s not that I don’t like my women friends, just that I don’t trust them, with a few notable exceptions, and it’s perfectly true that I prefer them at night when their husbands are with them.

Paul has been a perfect comrade all this time and I shall always be grateful for his loyalty. Perhaps Robert has told you he hasn’t been too well. He, too, it seems, has a heart. I don’t believe it is an alarming case. it just requires care and rest, and above all freedom from excitement. The last is hard on Paul as you know he works himself into a lather over a piece of burnt toast. Yesterday we passed a store in which he saw a pocket adding machine that simply captivated him. I must admit I can’t get excited over such a thing, and when he asked me to share his enthusiasm I merely said that I personally prefer those pretty little colored balls on wires that the Chinese use to add up their bills. And you should see with what speed they do it in the Chinatown markets. Well, you should have heard the storm. He said he doesn’t see why I don’t burn candles, and look for a horse and carriage instead of a taxi, and why don’t I write my letters on rocks (they couldn’t be more illegible anyhow). Und so weiter. [And so on.] But on the whole we have fun together, and way down beneath the surface there’s a deep bond of feeling between us. When you and Robert are here I hope to see an enormous improvement in his health. You will be of his own world, an integral part of his immediate background. You will share his memories and traditions. It will make many things easier for him. As for Robert, I hope he will be happy in America. And I hope he will like me.

Harry is here at the house as you know. It’s a great joy to have him, as he’s gay, and young, and there’s always something to laugh about. He’s had and lost his first girlfriend and is none the worst for the experience — just a bit surprised that he’s alive. When I told him he wouldn’t die of the thing he didn’t believe me. Eva is extremely happy. Her husband is a nice, quiet, gentlemanly person. He’s not exactly scintillating. I’ve never heard him say anything except “please pass the salt” but I presume that in the privacy of their own apartment his conversational ability is somewhat heightened. The main thing is that Eva loves him and I think he must be good to her.

It’s quarter of one in the morning and I must get up early as Paul and I are leaving early in the morning for a few days in the country with good friends of ours, Adolph Baller and his wife. Do you happen to know them, too? They happen to be from Vienna. Adolph is Yehudi Menuhin’s accompanist. During the summer months they are at Yehudi’s place at Los Gatos, and tomorrow Adolph is giving a solo concert down there. I wish you were going with us. We shall think of you and speak of you, and keep hoping it won’t be long now before we’ll all be together, you and Robert, and Paul and I. Life could be very beautiful.

I assume that the original of this letter was sent to Helene while she was in Istanbul waiting for the money and papers to be able to come to San Francisco. When I found it somewhere in Harry’s closet, I felt like I’d been given a gift. It is beautifully written and tells us about the family over almost 50 years. We learn about Hilda’s childhood in the early 1900s in San Francisco and her feeling of connection to her cousin in Vienna – Helene was Hilda’s mother’s first cousin. It’s interesting to see how close Hilda felt to family members who she had never met. It appears that Helene and her mother kept in close contact with their relatives in America, sending gifts to their children in addition to maintaining a rich correspondence. It is wonderful that Hilda could connect one of her favorite children’s books with Helene. Apparently Hilda’s favorite song is still sung.

Hilda recalls a photo of Paul and Robert’s family hanging on the wall when she was a child. I don’t know if I have the photo she refers to, but this photo from Paul’s album shows the Zerzawy children, with their father Julius and their grandmother Rosa on the right. In addition, we see Helene the second on the left and to her right Mathilda, Helene’s sister and Julius’s second wife. I’m guessing Hilda recalls a different photo, because this one doesn’t make me think their grandmother was eager to bake cookies!

Zerzawy famly, taken probably between 1907-1910

Zerzawy famly, taken probably between 1907-1910

We get a real feeling for Paul’s personality and that he has a bad heart. I was happy to see that he had such a good friend in Hilda and hope that this gave him comfort while he was separated from his brother and aunt. Apparently as in 1941, they are still waiting for Robert to emigrate to San Francisco. It is lovely that Hilda and Robert also became friends during the war and were able to share thoughts and emotions. We learn about Eva’s husband – for the first time, I got a window into my parents’ early life together.

We learn about Hilda’s emotional and everyday life. Her description of her grief at being widow is beautiful and real, expressing exactly what it is like to mourn the loss of a loved one over time. Her husband Nathan Firestone had been a member of the SF Symphony since its inception in 1911 and was principal viola at the time of his death in 1943. Although the page on their website about Nathan says he left the orchestra in 1941, if you scroll down to the name Firestone on the List of SF Symphony musicians, you’ll see he played until 1943.

Hilda is conscious of doing the one thing she has been told not to do – discussing unhappy subjects with Helene. Long after my grandmother’s death, my mother regretted not having encouraged her mother to talk about her experiences. In the 1940s, talking about the past was not considered the best way to deal with trauma. My grandmother was very conscious that no one wanted to hear about her experiences, although she was eager and willing to do so. Given Hilda’s and Eva’s comments, I don’t know whether people didn’t want to hear or whether they were trying to protect her from unnecessary pain. Perhaps a bit of both.

Hilda’s letter brings me to tears for all that might have been - her last sentence is touching and bittersweet: Life could be very beautiful.

February 11

Helene was very prolific in February 1941. I have 8 letters written by her in the first 7 days of the month and a total of 16 letters for all of February. You can see she’s not in a good mood as she writes this letter to her nephew Paul. Such a different tone from the funny, warm letters to her children. I guess she had to vent her anxiety on someone.

She thanks Paul for his birthday greetings – yet another example of how long mail took to get to Vienna – her birthday was in late November.

We learn a bit about what life was like in Vienna before the war – how often Paul spent time with his aunt and cousins, how much they were involved in each other’s lives. Also, we see that despite the friendly letters exchanged by Helene and Hilda Firestone, Helene felt awkward because she was writing to a stranger. Although Hilda opened her house to Helene’s son and made Paul welcome, she was nonetheless a stranger – they would meet for the first time in 1946 after they had both lost their husbands. Despite not feeling close to Hilda, Helene complains of hearing more news from her than from her beloved nephew.

Whether for financial reasons or feeling like he had nothing to say, it appears that Paul only wrote letters when there was important information to relay. He was not a chatty writer like his aunt. Given how tenuous his finances were, I could imagine he felt inadequate about trying to assist Helene and Vitali to come to America, even while feeling responsible to make it happen.

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Vienna, 4 February 1941

Dear Paul! Thank you for your birthday wishes. I am very lucky. It had to come the way Hilda wrote to me. If that had not been the case, I could certainly wait for the as yet unpublished memoirs. It shouldn’t have happened to such a confirmed bachelor as you in a weak hour to make such a binding promise. After the agreement to send a detailed letter didn’t really make you do anything, we don’t have to go to court about it. Today I’m in such a pugnacious mood that I will go into the topics that you alluded to in your P.S. There were two of them:

Point 1) You were certainly wrong to accuse Hilda of indiscretion. First, Hilda wrote in a very nice conversational tone about the hours you have spent in the Firestones house and told me about it, which I am very grateful for because I find out very little from you. Every profession rubs off on someone and your legal studies may be at fault that you think it’s the right idea to only write down the important things.

Point 2) You forget that Hilda and I do not know each other personally. We have no common memories, our interests and characteristics are something we don’t know from personal acquaintance, only from descriptions of third persons. Our correspondence has despite the sincere tone of those who might be related still something lacking, the inclusion of personal realizations. To make amends for this we speak about trivial things. I, however, really reject this expression. Everything that has to do with people with whom I correspond interests me. I only correspond with people like that. It interests me if the person involved has perhaps gotten a permanent or a manicure. Or perhaps there is a new lipstick. If the boxing partner was knocked out KO. In short, anything of all the things which might not interest me in the least if they were about my own person. I have made a deal with the children to tell all the smallest details too so that the distance feels less. If you wanted to wait to write a letter until something more important happened, or until you have a good idea, oh my goodness then you’d have to wait an awful long time. I remember one of the letters that Goethe wrote to Frau von Stein. [one of Goethe’s muses per Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_von_Stein]The great Olympian wrote about his work, but he also wrote about food and even banal and trivial things. Of course, he wrote such things only to people who were close to him. I am claiming the same right, even though I have never climbed Olympus, never made it to the summit. If Everl writes to me if and with whom she went out, if Harry writes to me that his pants have holes like Swiss cheese when he fell down, that interests me more than some of the things in current events in the world. I have put blinders on and I don’t let them be torn off of me through your attempt and perhaps the best of intentions to write only about important things. And not to speak of the fact that one can’t always do what one wants.

I hear you speaking like Hamlet: what a noble spirit was destroyed here. Just kidding. As long as you were in Zelinkagasse and I was at Stubenring or Seidlgasse, we could afford the luxury of not hearing from each other for weeks. If we wanted, or if there was some issue or something, we could then clear it up by a phone call. There were only 3-6 possibilities: office, cafe, Schottenring.... Even in the worst case, maybe at home. I mention this last, because that’s the last place I ever expected to find you. But the distance between Vienna and San Francisco means we must do things differently. Do you disagree with me? Do you remember that hardly a Sunday went by without something happening that we talked to you about? Do you remember that that changed at one point? It changed yes in the sense that every day and every hour something was happening. Of course, that seemed like a matter of course to me before to speak with you about everything. Today it’s not really possible. If it were, I would have maybe gotten out of the habit, or rather you would have gotten me out of that habit by putting yourself behind a wall of silence which would be more eloquent than a torrent of words. It says, no, it screams, “please spare me all your details” then I’d do it too. But that doesn’t work anymore. Be glad I had an awful lot more on my heart.

Kisses

Helen

February 4

Today we have another letter from Helene’s time in Istanbul while she was waiting to get the money and passage to America. This is the only letter where she describes life outside of being confined to whatever lodging she was assigned. She still seems to be a prisoner, since she was assigned a “minder” to help her run her errand. Who knows how much of his job was to help Helene and how much was to watch her?

For readability’s sake, I have added paragraph breaks and done some slight editing.

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Istanbul, 4 February 1946

My dear children,

It is an unwritten law that all people who go on big trips either write books or at least they write newspaper articles in which they give their impressions for the public to read. I am of course not such a loose cannon, but I cannot fail to describe Istanbul to you as I have seen it with my own eyes. Every normal traveler to the Orient would begin by describing the wonderful mosques, he would make an attempt to describe life on the street, he would praise the beauty of the Bosporus, and such things. I am not doing this. First of all, there has been enough paper used up for that, and certainly by more competent writers. Second of all, I have not really seen that much yet – I’ve only seen a little bit. Why? Well, that is my secret. What I have seen and how I have seen it I will tell you in the Viennese-style like we talk around the water tap.

I arrived from R [Ravensbrück] with a small weekend suitcase in which I had my food rations for two days tucked away. In Göteborg, I got a warm winter coat and dress, things which were useful for me on the long ship trip, but which I had to store away here in this warm climate. I decided to buy a suitcase as soon as I had a chance to do so.

When I got communication from the American consulate that my visa had arrived and that I should come over with my photos, then I made my decision. Today, now or never, the suitcase will be acquired. It was raining torrentially. The locals were in their raincoats, rubber boots, and umbrellas and they looked at me with my sandals, with nothing on my head, as I was calmly and leisurely walking across the Galata bridge towards Pera. Why was I walking? I was already so wet anyway that there was no danger that my clothes would be taking on more water than they already had. And besides, the little sandals I had put on were breaking up into their parts and the passersby and I were stepping on the shoe straps, and walking was only possible when I pressed my toes into the sole so that the shoes would not fall off my feet.

My escort seemed to be wearing these magical “seven league boots” [from European folklore] and once in a while he turned around to me because he didn’t understand why I was walking as if on eggshells. I finally arrived at the tunnel and since I didn’t have shoes on anymore, my footwear seemed like flippers or fins. After I had taken care of this business, I swam to a Caddessi [Turkish for “street”] which was parallel to the tunnel. My attendant took me to a store at which a man from the Committee [the Joint] had already bought quite a few suitcases. The store was on one of those streets where the sidewalks are like staircases and the road is crooked and has quite a steep ascent to it, like the middle of the staircase up to Belvedere Gardens. When I looked down from Pera and saw the descent, I remembered that I had a cord in my handbag. I tied under the water reservoir which was under my feet so that it sprinkled me and I recommended to the Herr (I don’t mean the man who was with me - I mean the Lord God) my soul and my feet. Every step down was like a pond in itself. The middle of the street was, for some reason unknown to me, torn up. At first, I hopped like a chamois who had St. Vitus’ dance, zigzag from one curbstone to another, and there seemed to be no end to this path and my mountain guide bellowed at me: “Madame Cohen, why don’t you walk more quickly?” I changed the way I walked and decided to toe dance like a ballerina …, but I already felt that I was getting a cramp in my calf so I stomped according to all the rules of my art through the puddles so that the passersby shrank back as if I were rabid.

Finally, we had reached the suitcase store. I knew about the price and I chose a suitcase. The proprietor required 30 lire - I had 17 - and I was determined not to spend another kurush more. My adjutant would have lent me 3 more lire so I’d have 20. He wanted to make me an advance of that and the salesman had come down on the price. I remained tough like Shylock. I put my cash on the table and I pointed to it with my finger. I must have looked like an angry archangel, because the proprietor who had been quite unfriendly up until then and only reluctantly took down some suitcases from the top shelf for me, suddenly changed his tactics and became what counts for polite around here. My impatient interpreter explained to me that the Ladenhüter [proprietor] had decided that he would give me his Ladenhüter [slow selling merchandise - pun]. You cannot pay 19 lire when I only have 17 and I had a very firm intention not to borrow money as long as I was not in a position to earn any myself.  

My suitcase dealer seemed to be quite a psychologist and he noted that I had broken off diplomatic relations and he wanted me to pay one more kurush for this transaction. To show his goodwill or maybe his contempt, he took 1 lira out of his vest pocket and put it on the table with my 17. Quickly he grabbed his lire as he saw that I was looking like I was going to put my money away. With the rather haughty expression of an insulted queen, I left the store and I pointed with my finger with my revenge angelic (not English) [a play on words] toward the competing store which was catty corner across the street. I balanced my way across the torn-up street and got to the other side. Suddenly I felt that someone was taking my arm and holding me back. At first, I thought somebody was trying to save me from falling into a hole. And then I saw that it was my suitcase salesman, of whom I would not have thought such agility possible, who was bringing me back into his store. He made a weak attempt to get another half lira out of me, but he decided to forget it and give me with Spanish grandeur the object of contention. In no way did he want to allow the competition to get any business. My Polish-Russian-Jewish attendant accompanying me suddenly held me in high esteem. While before he had criticized me for the strange way I was walking, not to say that he was disgusted at me for it, now he said to me “Madame Cohen, you’re quite a hit!” I left the store and I was ashamed. Not because for the first time in my life I asked for a lower price for something, not because I only had 17 lire, but because I’d believed that I’d been cheated, because the salesperson looked at me rather triumphantly. In between then and now, several months have passed, the suitcase is still intact, and I am still looking for the drawback. The bag is all right but I think I paid too much for it.

February 2

Today’s letter was written on February 1, the same day as the letter to Hilda that was posted yesterday. You can see that there is the number I on this letter. Hilda’s letter had the number III. Presumably there was a third letter (number II) written to Eva or Paul which I do not have.

Unlike most letters which list a single location, today’s letter list a number of different districts and neighborhoods in Istanbul. This is a dense four-page letter to her son Harry. She has a lot to say after so much silence, especially since she is living a life of uncertainty. The first paragraph break comes on page 3 of the letter! I have done a bit of editing and added some paragraph breaks.

Helene refers to people we have met through letters already – Lucienne Simier, her fellow prisoner in Ravensbrück, and Yomtov Cohen, probably Vitali’s cousin in Istanbul. They both were extremely helpful to Helene at this difficult time. Lucienne got word of Helene’s location to her family in San Francisco and Yomtov worked with agencies and government entities to secure passage for Helene to the U.S. It’s a bit garbled in the letter, but it appears that Lucienne kept the addresses Helene had given her in her glass case so that it would not be taken by the Germans. Unfortunately, Helene only remembered Eva’s address from nursing school, where she hadn’t lived since at least 1943. She also gave Lucienne an address for her cousin Tillie Zentner who had organized Eva and Harry’s emigration years earlier.

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Galata, Pera, Istanbul, Moda, Burgaz, Balat, Fener-Bahge-Kadıköy, February 1, 1946

My dear sweet boy for whom I’ve been so afraid…I found out [that you were in the army in the South Pacific] at the same time as the very happy news of Eva’s marriage. Harry-boy, I must have become an abnormal or degenerate mother in my time in the camp, because I needed weeks to get used to the thought that my daughter, my little Ebi, is a woman…. Was it egoism that I didn’t want to admit this to myself and didn’t want to perceive or believe that Eva doesn’t belong to just me anymore? Was it wounded vanity that hurt me that Eva chose a spouse without my opinion about her choice or the thought that my daughter, inexperienced in erotic matters, might be disappointed by marriage? ….

That you are in Frisco again I found out before Robert’s communication arrived. I found this out from my friend Lucienne [Simier] from Angers …. She gave me the news that Eva was married and that you are a soldier and are hanging around in San Francisco. … [Lucienne managed to smuggle out in her glass case addresses Helene had written down] I had scribbled Eva’s address – of course it was still the one from nursing school – and Tillie’s address. All the other addresses I had forgotten. Isn’t that wonderful? I think that it’s wonderful that Miss Simier in this way could establish contact, not that I had forgotten all the other addresses. There is certainly nothing wonderful about that. Maybe an SS fist “caressed” me just in that part of my brain where I keep my card catalog where the most important names and addresses to me were stockpiled, while I could still remember all the telephone numbers of people and companies who don’t exist anymore in my head.

You wanted my exact address? You’ll have to make do with the Gislavet Ltd [Yomtov Cohen’s plastics company], because since my arrival in Galata on the 10th of April, I have lived in all the districts that I listed up on top of the letter. …

I have just as much to eat here as I did not have in Germany in the camp, and I have here just as little money as I had an excessive amount of body lice in the camp. I managed to get a dust comb sent to me from Vienna, and that saved me from having head lice unlike most of the others and I still more or less have my hair which has now become a rather shabby head covering. I don’t have all of it anymore, but I’ve got some.  

The last place I stayed in Istanbul has the highfalutin name of Bark-Oteli, a former nun’s cloister. In my room, there was a window made of stained glass which reminds me that in the next room where now there are men who appear to be cheating at cards and having wild brawls and orgies, at one point that was used for fervent prayer. … 

Moldy, cold air is what you find in these rooms. I feel like I’m lying in a tomb. The first nights my teeth were chattering and I had two dust-covered but not warm coverings and I couldn’t sleep. The bare, cold walls seem to be saturated with the … unheard prayers and sighs of my predecessors, the nuns. …Maybe someday my groans and moans will bother the people who come here to sleep after I do in the same way as the moans of the nuns have been conserved here. But no, this will not be the case, because this cloister building which is in the middle of a splendid park is going to be renovated into a hotel …. A Jewish committee will be paying a fortune for this. …  

This park must be quite splendid in the summer, because it’s right on the Marmara Sea, even though it’s quite squalid currently. The garden, which is surrounded by a brick wall, has cypresses and pine trees. In front of my window there are laurel trees from which when I have kitchen duties (twice a week) I can get bay leaves for a spice for our meat and fish dishes. I can also get rosemary. There is a splendid spinach growing, not in the plant beds, but it grows wild on the lawn and … I have learned that one can make a good dish from malva leaves. On every day when we don’t have rain, I use that time to go pluck chamomile and thyme which is good for the people living here, but not really my main duty. For me it’s relaxing.

The radio, newspapers, and movies were what I used to seek for relaxation before I was put down to the level of an animal. Here I have found a few nice people and good books. Unfortunately, moving from one shelter to another happens lightning fast. Only twice did I have a chance to make a phone call, and the distance from one part of the city to one of the islands or far-flung suburbs especially in winter is quite large because the ship traffic is quite reduced. I was visited in Moda but I already lived in Antigone, in Borgaz. … The time involved is quite a sacrifice, aside from the fact that the travel costs play quite a significant role for the relatives we have, who are mostly not that well off.

Yesterday I discovered hiding under some ivy what is probably the grave of a monk. Why not, since this was in fact a cloister for nuns? The garden has sort of a terraced structure. There are steps made of marble which lead from one terrace to the next and in the marble crosses and Greek inscriptions are engraved. I just read Axel Munthe’s [Swedish doctor and psychiatrist] book “The History of San Michele” and I feel like I’ve been sent back to this time. The blue sea with the snow-covered mountains, even in the summer, flutter in but they seem more like Carinthia [a province in southernmost Austria] than the Mediterranean landscape. A garden in our area could have stood as the model for Böcklin’s painting Isle of the Dead.

It really might be splendid here if my head were ready to accept all this beauty, but so much that is in there is not beautiful and is sending everything else away, making it impossible to find the beauty in the beauty. My ability to be enthusiastic ended with losing Vitali, but as soon as I hear from him, and we will hear from him that he is alive, then this feeling will come back. I thought he might be in Vienna, but I have read some articles about Vienna which make me believe that Papa is somewhere else, maybe still in a camp or a hospital, maybe staying there. He has no idea that I am in Turkey, nor does he know how to get in touch with me, even if he did know I was here.

For the last two months my main support has been Robert. I always knew that he was a sentimental and emotional boy, but I did not know that he would show so much loyalty, devotion, sympathy, and love…. Unfortunately, I have not heard anything, I haven’t received even one line of writing from you, from Paul, Tillie, Hilda, or Berthe Schiller. It was so sad to see that all the comrades in suffering and fate were getting letters from all over the world, but not me. The kindest person must be jealous, and I have never thought of myself among the kindest. I have become tired. I am not used to writing anymore. Please kiss Eva, her husband, Paul, and all the loved ones for me and a hug from me….

Greetings and kisses from

Helene

I talked about the work of the Joint on January 14. There are hundreds (perhaps thousands) of documents in the JDC archive concerning the fate of the Drottningholm passengers. Most of the correspondence deals with money – there was never enough, the Turkish government kept asking for more, it was difficult to help the former prisoners make their way to whatever country they wanted to end up in. One way to save money was to find cheaper lodging for those who remained unhoused, thus the constant movement Helene experienced. As you can see from the letter, even if Vitali’s relatives could have helped her (as she pointed out above, most of them did not have the means to do so), they couldn’t keep track of where she was staying.

February 1

Today’s is a heartbreaking letter written by Helene in Istanbul to her cousin Hilda in San Francisco, written almost exactly six years after the letter we saw yesterday. After the U.S. entered WWII, there were no more letters. Here we have a window into Helene and Vitali’s life in Vienna from late 1941 to October 1943. Already Helene has learned that people did not want to hear about her hardships in Ravensbrück, so she is left alone with her thoughts and her nightmares.

I have included a transcription of the letter for easier reading.

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Istanbul, February 1 1946

My dearest Hilda!

When in the fall 1939 I received the first letter from you, I was so happy to be in touch with you and it was the constant topic of the conversation between Vitali and me. We two both were so glad to know that what seems to us worth to living for, our children, were in your care. Things were going on well till Oct. 15. 43. On this day our misfortune began. Events became bad, worse, worst. On this day I was separated from Vitali, but I hope not for ever, the only thought of it harassed and distracted me. Since that day till March 44 I had no idea where he was and what had happened to him. After four months the first time I was allowed to send a letter to a friend of Vitali. Luckily he could write earlier and so our friend was able to give me good news, saying that Vitali was in good health and in Buchenwald-Weimar. Of course, I had been very glad to know the address of my husband, although I knew what to think about “good state of health.” I was using the same assurance in all my letters, but this doesn’t matter, because Vitali and I really were in a good condition of health until we were put in prison. Soon I lost all my mirth and my good-looks that I had preserved so long in spite of war knowing all our family in safety. Never Vitali looked younger than in the last years. He was deeply engaged in his studies and his reputation was growing day by day and people in their thankfulness provided us with all things we needed, more than that they provided us with things we needed not. Daily we had visitors bringing gifts - most of them valuable: pictures, books, carpets, china - to be short all the hearts-content of a housewife. Not a single day in Vienna we felt hungry, to the contrary we were able to help friends and we named it our “Winterhilfe” (winter help). Till June 42 we could keep our lodging and fate held its hand over us in finding a relatively good apartment with bathroom, bright and pleasant. Although it was not permitted Jews to have a telephone, we could keep it, for the Telephon-Centrale considered us foreigners of distinction. There was not a single day without an interurban call for thanksgiving to Vitali for his valuable advice to people who not always were Jews. Transfer of telephone apparatus from one lodging to another was severely prohibited. Our telephone was installed before the van with our furniture from the Seidlgasse to Haasgasse arrived. Vitali who the transport of our things superintended and were sitting among the furniture movers was greatest surprised to find our telephone (the same apparatus we had). By law, all vacant telephones were to be given to the disposition of SS. From the 15th of Oct 43 all turns badly. Every hour we were in jeopardy. We were in the hands of the SS taskmasters, female and male, and it seems as if they strove to excel each other in cruelty. Through all these hardships I escaped at hairbreadth, wishing and hoping that Vitali is liberated too. Let us not remember the troubles part. Experience has taught me that the world is tired of hearing stories about our sufferings in the camps which were enough to make all corpses turn in their graves.

What galled me most is that I couldn’t remember your address and when I got Harry’s wire I have been happy twice. At first it was the first message I received directly by himself, and second I know his address is yours which I had lost and found again and I hope it will happen that I find Vitali again.

It seems to me proper to tell you something about one of the oldest and most beautiful towns in the world, but having not often the possibility to view the town, I will keep my impressions of this place if I am sitting with you for a 5-o’clock tea. Contented? But I can assure you, never I had dreamed to enter a nunnery for staying there and I can say I am a specialist in mad and perverse dreams (Vitali can confirm my statement, having gathered many thousands of them). Now I am hoping I can get a passage in some ship bound for America and to be able to shake off the Turkish dust from my sandals (and the sandals too would Vitali say!). The entrance through the Dardanelles was just grand but I prefer the driving out.

….I am sure you will have much trouble to decipher my letter, but there would be the same care had I written it in my once good German. I am sure you will laugh if I confess to you that I dedicate my whole free-time to the bettering of my English and, after staying here such a long time among badly German speaking people, to the diminishing of my German. Shall that suffice?

I remain loving you all

Yours truly

Helen

January 26

This continues the story begun on January 14.

From the letters today, we see that it took a lot of people and agencies from across the globe to help my grandmother: Simon Brod and the JDC, Vitali’s relative (?) Yomtov in Istanbul, Helene’s nephew Robert in England, and her children in San Francisco. Managing to make such a thing happen with today’s technology would be frustrating, overwhelming, and time consuming – it’s almost unimaginable what a hurdle this must have seemed to Helene and her children. Thank goodness there were so many people concerned with her welfare who went out of their way to help. It’s amazing to see that all of this happened in just a few weeks’ time.

A final note: I continue to be amazed by how fluent people were in multiple languages. Yomtov lived and worked in Istanbul and I have letters written by him in French and German. Eva and Harry always talked about how many languages Vitali spoke - if I recall, it was about a dozen! It appears that this was not unusual.

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                                                                       Istanbul, January 24, 1946

Dear Mrs. Helena,

I have read your valued lines of December 31, 1945 with great attention.

I looked for Mr. Brod again, and since I could not find him, I wrote a letter to him about your issue and received his answer, of which I am sending you a copy.

You will see that Mr. Brod sent a wire to your daughter in order to get the necessary information about your departure.

Yesterday I received a telegram from Bridgeport, according to the enclosed copy.  You will learn from it that people are dealing with your situation in America and asking that you be patient.  Hopefully your situation will be resolved very soon.

I remain, as always, ready to be of further service to you.

Your

Signature


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                                                                          Istanbul, January 30, 1946

Dear Mrs. Helena,

You must have already received my letter of the 24th.

Today I received the following telegram for you, dated the 28th. from San Francisco:

“Received wire from Robert mentioning delay because cost of tickets if money or anything needed wire me at 3494 21 Street please let me know your exact address awaiting your arrival anxiously Love - Harry”

It is, thus, a telegram from your son, who is also working on these matters for you in America.

Also, I wrote to Mr. Brod today, and I am enclosing a copy of my letter to your attention.

As you see, I am following this matter with great interest, and I hope that it will be resolved satisfactorily in the near future.

In the meantime, I remain

Your

Signature


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  Istanbul, 30/1/1946
Dear Mr Brod,

I received your letter of the 14th of this month, the contents of which I am giving my best attention. 

Please let me know if you have received any instructions from the Jewish-American emigration office related to the departure of Mme. Helene Cohen.

For your information, I am sending you copies of the contents of two telegrams sent from America to Mme. Helene Cohen care of my company.

1.     Bridgeport 22/1/1946: Harry allright everything soon settled keep patient Love Robert Zerzawy

2.     San Francisco 28/1/1946: “Received wire from Robert mentioning delay because cost of tickets if money or anything necessary wire me at 3494 21 Street please let me know your exact address awaiting your arrival anxiously Love - Harry”

I would like to believe that these two telegrams are perhaps in response to your letter from the 9th of this month to Mrs. Eva Goldschmidt, daughter of Mme. Helene. In any case, it appears from these two telegrams that money is the cause of the late intervention in the departure of Mme. Helene.

If the emigration office has not yet provided you with the cost of the ticket to reserve a place on a boat leaving soon, please let me know the amount and whether the payment could be made in Turkish lira so that I can assist you in the departure of Mme. Cohen.

In case a place can be reserved on a boat and that the ticket must be paid in dollars, please let me know also, letting me know the price of passage to New York including meals, so I can inform by telegram Mr. Harry, son of Mme. Helene Cohen in response to his telegram of the 28th.

Please send me your answer as soon as possible, and in the meantime, I offer you, Dear Mr. Brod, my most sincere greetings.

January 20

On Inauguration Day it seems appropriate to post a copy of my grandmother’s January 21, 1952 naturalization certificate. She was now a U.S. citizen with all the rights and responsibilities that go with it. Imagine what that must have felt like for her, even if she never felt quite “at home” here. From this date on, Helene had an absolute right to live somewhere. She could vote in elections and I imagine she took that responsibility very seriously. My mother certainly did and passed on that sense of duty to me.

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Helene was born in Bohemia, where laws and attitudes towards Jews were tepid at best, dangerous at worst. In her stories, she writes about several antisemitic incidents and memories. There was no escaping being the ugly “other.” After her 1920 marriage to Vitali in Vienna, she was considered a Turkish citizen by the Austrian government, even though she had never set foot in Turkey and did not speak the language. In 1945 when she was sent from Ravensbrück to Istanbul, the government would not recognize her Turkish citizenship. She was alone, stateless, homeless, penniless. She was not welcome anywhere.

I was interested to see that the certificate tells us that in 1952 it was the 176th year since American independence – I wonder if the current certificates include that.

Note Helene’s marital status – she lists herself as “Married”. At this point Helene still hoped that Vitali would arrive on her doorstep one day. Eva (and I think Harry) believed it too. It wasn’t until 1988 that my mother told me that she had finally given up hope of seeing her father again, since at that point Vitali would have been 100 years old and if he hadn’t shown up yet, he never would.

 

January 19

Throughout my journey to make sense of my family history, I have found myself creating stories to fill in the gaps in my knowledge. I have been fortunate to solve many of the mysteries, often discovering that the story I told myself was completely off base. That was the case with this newspaper article:

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Helene’s husband Vitali was an unusual man with an unusual profession. See the section on Metaphysics & Mysticism to learn more.

When I first saw this article, I assumed it was from the early to mid-1940s. According to IMDB, there was no film with the title mentioned in the article but there was a short film made in 1941 called Hands of Destiny in which he discussed the handprints of Mussolini, Hitler, Churchill and Roosevelt. He also wrote the screenplay for and appeared in a documentary of the same name in 1954.

The reason I decided it must have been an article from the 1940s is that I found 2 copies of the article in my documents — one in my grandmother’s papers and another in the box of Paul Zerzawy’s papers. Paul died in 1948. I knew that Helene had sent Paul documents related to Vitali’s profession in Vienna in order to show that he had a way to make a living if he and Helene were given visas to come to the U.S. before 1941.

In June 2020, I realized that in addition to online genealogy resources available through the public library, it’s possible to look at many old newspapers. I spent several hours one day trying to find the dates for a number of newspaper clippings I have in my archive. It turns out that this article appeared the San Francisco Chronicle on January 19, 1955. Not in the 1940s, not while Paul Zerzawy was still alive.

San Francisco Chronicle (online), 19 Jan 1955 19

San Francisco Chronicle (online), 19 Jan 1955 19

One question I may never be able to answer is whether Vitali and Helene knew Ranald. He had spent time in Vienna. Perhaps he even gave the lecture on metaphysics that Vitali attended which inspired him in his future pursuits? I have found that my grandmother kept articles and papers for more than mere interest or a reminder of times she remembered. When I first saw this article, I thought it had been kept to show Vitali if and when he arrived in the U.S. that it might be possible for him to make a living reading palms. The fact that two people in the family kept the same article makes me think that it was saved not just because of his profession, but because they knew him.  

Ranald had quite a life and was an excellent storyteller. When I read How to Know People by Their Hands (published in 1938), in which he discusses and the hands of famous people including those listed above, I wondered how much of his autobiography was true and how much was made up to form a mythology as a showcase for his work. Decide for yourself by reading the introduction of his book, available on the Internet Archive.