March 23

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LT.0329.1966.JPG

Robert didn’t quite have my date of birth correct, but close enough. For my 7th birthday in 1966, he sent me a money order for $20. That was a very generous gift – various online calculators give the value today as somewhere between $160 and $820 if adjusted for inflation. I’m sure my mother put it in a bank account for me. She taught me that it was important to save money because you never knew when you might need it – a lesson she learned early in life and never deviated from. In terms of things that had value to me in 1966, candy bars were a nickel and most board games cost less than $5.

The letter below to Helene was sent together with the letter to Eva that we saw yesterday. In it, Robert refers to a newspaper article from April of 1965, so it has probably been at least a year since the last time he wrote. We will see the article in a few weeks.

One of the upsides for me when my mother was ill was that my grandmother babysat me a lot that year. I have vague but fond memories of spending many hours in her apartment.

We learn from this letter that by 1966, Robert has retired and that he and his wife have gotten a divorce. I am so sorry that life never got easier for him.

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22.3.1966

My dear Helen,

to-day it is Helen Rose’s day, but I wish to take this occasion to send you my warmest greetings and good wishes. —It might be a strain to you to write and it is for this reason that I address Eva in the first place. I only hope she is in a better state of health than when she wrote me last. I feel terribly sorry for her what she had to go through — I hope it is a matter of the past and that she is again fit enough to take care of her home and also to take up her work without overtaxing her strength. —How fortunate that you were able to look after Helen Rose while Eva was in hospital. At the same time a welcome proof of your fitness. All this is months back and I am anxious to learn what has happened in the mean time...

You might be pleased to know that I am quite well again. It took me some time to get over the disappointment with Anne but time heals everything and I got adjusted to live by myself. It is also fortunate that Farbenfabriken Bayer granted me a pension which enables me to live modestly but without having to cut down on essentials.

Eva sent me the paper cutting with your picture and the report of your winning the top prize in the Social Security Game. I do not know what pleased me more, the beautiful picture or the good luck which happened to you. Eva is rightly proud of her mother and I share her joy and sentiments.

It was a bad year for her and also for me. As I mentioned before, I am recovered from the nervous breakdown which prevented me from writing for so long a time. This is the first effort to break the unhappy spell and I only pray and hope that the news from you and Eva will be reassuring.

My dear Helen, I am with you in my thoughts and I wish you good fortune and a good health.

With my love,
Robert

March 22

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LT.0035.1966 (5.5) P3.JPG

22.3.1966

Dear Eva,

Helen Rose’s birthday offers the welcome opportunity and impulse to break the deadlock in our correspondence which, I am afraid, is this time entirely my fault. I in turn blame my state of mind, or rather the inability to write in concrete from the letters which I conceive in thoughts but never seem to manage to put into shape.

Once more the question arises: where to start? How to bridge the gap in the knowledge of each other’s live and doings? — I feel terrible that I did not properly acknowledge your letter from 25th August last year. I think, it was just before I left for Vienna to visit Artur and Lotte Zerzawy, namesakes of mine who accepted me in their family circle. It was then a welcome diversion but when I came back I had a relapse into my depressive state which lasted until recently. Now I am again in control of my nerves and try to pick up the threads. I do hope you can understand and will accept my sincere apologies for what must seem an abominable behavior, to say the least.

Last year you had a series of illnesses and operations and I am naturally in the first line concerned to learn how you got over it how you are now. I sincerely hope you are restored in health and strength to be able to run your home without undue exertion and that the unfortunate spell of last year has come to an end. — There are so many questions I would like to ask but can I do it, not even knowing how you are physically and which problems you might have to cope with. I must leave it to you to inform me in outlines how things are with you and your family — I do not and cannot expect an extensive report but a few words in telegram style would help to overcome the impasse and reassure me, at least I hope a new and better era has started for you.

So much for to-day. Accept please my warmest wishes for your good health and well-being and convey my kind regards to Paul.

Love,
Robert


My birthday is later this week, which gave Helene’s nephew Robert Zerzawy an excuse to write to his aunt and cousin in the U.S. after a long silence. In 1966, Robert was 66 years old and had lived in England for more than 25 years. We’ve seen earlier letters where we learned that his intention in the 1940s was to join his family in San Francisco. For some reason, that never happened. Although he traveled to Europe after the war, as far as I know, he did not visit the U.S. except once in the 1947. His brother Paul died in 1948 (the Paul mentioned at the end of the letter is Eva’s husband/my father). Despite all the years of letter writing, by this time it appears that the family did not correspond very often. Robert talks about his depression. In letters we have seen earlier, Helene and Hilda Firestone both wrote about his sensitive and gentle nature.  He had endured many tragedies, upheavals, and hardships in his life, and his was not a resilient temperament. After his brother Paul’s death in 1948, he was the only Zerzawy sibling still living.

I was too young to know (or be told) what was going on in 1965, but I recall visiting my mother in the hospital a few times. I know once was for a gall bladder operation but don’t know the other reasons.

One of the challenges in keeping up a relationship with each other is that I don’t think that Robert spent much time with Eva and Harry earlier in their lives. Robert would have many memories and shared experiences with Helene before she was married, but much less connection after that. He and Helene had a strong bond.  

Robert was born in 1899, more than 20 years earlier than his first cousins. He was closer in age to his aunt Helene than to her children. I believe that Robert lived in Prague before moving to England. His brother Paul was a much bigger presence and influence in their lives. He lived in Vienna and socialized often with Helene and her family. Paul came to the U.S. first and helped Eva and Harry follow. They saw each other often until his death in 1948.

An aside: one disconcerting thing  for me looking at Robert’s writing is how much it looks like my mother’s.

March 21

Copy of letter from Helene’s nephew Paul Zerzawy in San Francisco to his step-brother Fritz Orlik and his wife Hanne in Haifa. We saw a letter from Fritz on January 25.

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 21. March 1940.

Dear Fritz and dear Hanne!

After almost 2 months your letter from January 24th arrived. You were at that point still without any mail from me. I got your first card and an earlier letter which was forwarded on to me from Arthur Schiller and I answered those shortly after getting them. In case my answer was lost, I will, before I go into what your last letter said, repeat the content of that one in brief.

After I had expressed my joy at the end of your journey and the long and even longer period of uncertainty, which was very nerve-wracking for all of us, and expressed my hope that you would get used to your new situation soon and smoothly, I told about myself. First, I unfortunately had to deny the news that you’d gotten from somewhere (from where?) that I had already found a job. As proof, I mentioned that after six months of futile attempts to find work and be able to support myself, I had moved from New York to San Francisco to stay with the parents of the person who gave an affidavit for me in order to save money on food and lodging. Then I reported about the Stopford matter. Since common fortune to the extent that it could be made liquid had already been doled out to us, your portion of the foreign accounts was already sent on to you by Robert. And since the rest was invested in securities and are frozen and secondly really belong to the bank to cover our loan and probably don’t entirely cover it either. Otto got the approved amount of £200 in my name with Robert’s money (a service handled by Stein), he got this for an exchange rate and had transferred it to me in New York right when the pound was at its lowest. I kept as much of this money as I was entitled to after my private settlement with Robert. Robert’s private debt to me had been reduced by my costs for food and lodging in Prague. This money I used up both here and in New York - all I really have anymore is an emergency reserve. How much Robert has of his part of this which I had transferred to him in London is not known to me. You know perhaps directly from him or from the Schauer girls that he has no job, and he is not doing very well with his stomach or his teeth (or he was); I really don’t know the details. Every letter says he’s doing better, but you can also see that he wasn’t doing that well at the time of the last letter. In any case, he had to have all of his teeth removed and dentures made and he has to follow a strict diet (or at least he’s supposed to!).

The other stuff I wrote is pretty much out of date so I’ll go to the present now. I am concerned that you have not yet been able to earn enough money and that Hanne on top of all that is suffering from gallstones. I really cannot help you with a sufficient sum of money as you see from what I've told you before and what I will be telling you in a moment, but in consultation with Robert who told me about your unfortunate situation in his letter and in both of his names because he still has a settlement to make with me, I am sending you the enclosed check drawn on the Bank of America here, #133965, for $60U.S. to the Ottoman Bank in Haifa. (The check is made out to “Frederick Orlik” so you will have to cash it that way. I hope you will not have any modesty about that.) According to today’s exchange rate, that may be a bit more than 16 English pounds. It’s not much, but we wish to send you a little bit to help with Hanne’s health, or if her health is already restored to her, then you can keep it for your household. Take it as intended. It is less than we would wish, but is unfortunately all that we can give you.

Otherwise, we will have to comfort ourselves that as we know from experience, all immigrants spend many months and sometimes years to manage to get a decent income no matter where fate has sent them. For myself, I do not want to complain much because San Francisco is a splendid city with a magical climate, tranquilly living well-mannered kind of people live here who even show some interest in art and music and have no hatred of Jews, unlike in New York. But a regular job is something one cannot find and so I have taken on the career of a piano teacher and accompanist. I earn a little more than my furnished room costs me, which I felt prompted to do because I think I was bothering the older Schiller married couple. (For mail however, nevertheless you should still use my address: 731-Eleventh Avenue. - that’s the best way to reach me.) With the help of the many invitations, I can pretty much make it financially and I hope I do not have to make any more use of the bank account which has pretty much shrunk to an iron reserve which is not even enough to buy anything with. But if I’m lucky, the number of my students will increase. I have plenty of company and through the help of all my relatives and my own promotional activities, since the 1st of February - the day on which I started my new activity - I have gained five students. But you see, although I am speaking relatively of luck, it has taken nine months to do this, to get to earn my first dollars. And many others are doing just the same. So don’t give up; it will happen.

Now I want to report what I know about our relatives. Mother wrote on February 10th from Podebrad that she hasn’t had any mail from you for months and that she has only heard indirectly that you are staying with Fritz P and that you are looking for a way to make a living. She is somewhat comforted in her own comings and goings because she has the Schauers and Marianna. The pension question has been solved to her advantage, as far as I know. There has been a huge number of letters in both directions which have been lost, and so I can do more with the help of my fantasy than with concrete reports, but I do think that she is really suffering from the lack of mail. Robert’s letters are getting lost too, and vice versa. Since he does have mail from you, I assume that you are in touch. His address in any case is “Heston” West Kilbride, Ayrshire, Scotland. He is near Anny and Doris, and you probably have a letter from them.

The huge distances and the war and the losses of letters associated with it make it quite impossible to keep correspondence going in all directions. I write as much and as well as I can and I am happy when I hear at least a sign of life from you. I hope to hear from you soon and through you, about the others.

I wish you all the best from the bottom of my heart.

Your
Paul

I have also received a copy of the letter you mentioned which was written from Mother to Robert on the 5th of November, and I don’t really know what they are talking about either.


I am grateful that Paul Zerzawy was trained as a lawyer. I assume that is why I have so many copies of important letters and documents. Beyond the description of his own and his relatives’ challenging lives and financial hardship, he gives a moving description of the lives of immigrants, as true today as it was then.

March 20

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 Today we have two letters written on the same day.

Front side of Helene’s letter to her son Harry.

Front side of Helene’s letter to her son Harry.

Vienna, 19. March 1940.

My only little Harry boy.

In what I sent to Eva, you will have realized how few pieces of news get through from you and you see how hungry I am for even the littlest bit. If I did not have my imagination, which allows me to imagine what you’re doing, I would have to be very sad. Papa is trying his hardest to distract me and he is such a good person. For other reasons I am looking forward to Sunday because the following day is Monday and I might have a chance to get some mail that day. Last Monday brought us a letter from Eva but the fact that you’re worrying about us and doing things for us is making me sad. No sense in worrying. It’s not in the cards - it would be so easy to solve the problem that we are separated from you - but that would not even be normal. Parents are always interested in what their children’s lives are about. One of the oldest things in the order of the world, which nowadays has really come into a certain amount of disorder. I feel like I am a country cousin who is sitting at the train station hours before the train is scheduled, waiting for the train. The waiting period seems so long, but finally I hear the whistling of the locomotive. The heart pounds a bit more and you get to your destination. 

How are you doing in school? Do you have nice classmates and what do you do in your free time? Easter is just around the corner, are you going to work as a clerk again? When I imagine you doing this job, I think about all the Hanseatic books once occupied my imagination. From “should and have” started to “Max Havelar.” We live in our world of thoughts and that’s not really such bad company.

Your letters are the only thing we have to read because we don’t really have to concentrate on those.

Yesterday I wanted to go to procure for E&H Lowell some shaving cream for Papa for March 21 [Vitali’s birthday] but our account was overdrawn. We have an advance until July and so can’t really buy anything.

Yesterday, there was a family scene and I thought about the fact that you were not here really didn't think it was possible to win the following fight without help. I wanted to get Papa’s nightgown, the one with the Indian pattern, to be washed because you could barely see the design anymore. But Vitali went wild and was making crazy gestures. I had to laugh how he was defending his piece of clothing and I could almost not win this battle. He was afraid that washing his nightgown might ruin its “elegance” and the expression on his face was so fearful that I promised he could borrow my morning parade outfit. That lasted 1/4 hour and then his nightgown with its one-time Indian pattern was indeed sent out to be cleaned. My promise was kind of a ruse because I knew Papa wouldn’t be able to use my clothing because it wouldn’t fit him. He didn’t take me at my word but he bought himself another one for the points he still had so he could change and he’s quite proud of his new acquisition. It was a really nice Busch family scene. Unfortunately, I can’t use your camera. That’s too bad because you would have gotten a kick out of this. What is your Baldina doing? Is she working? Is she out of a job? Not making movies anymore? It seems like maybe she’d make 5 schillings, but that seems unlikely.

I’m glad that my waiting will bring me the reward of a detailed letter. I will soon join the ranks of classic “waiting women” like Penelope, Solveigh, etc.

So that’s it for today, greetings to all the dear ones.

Kuuuuuuuuuss

Helen


Front side of letter from Helene to Paul Zerzawy

Front side of letter from Helene to Paul Zerzawy

(handwritten note that it was received April 3)

Vienna, 19. March 1940.

My dear Paul! I assume that you did not just leave it at the one card from November 4 and that letters from you and from the children are still on their way. So I am answering one of these imaginary letters. Please excuse me if I don’t respond to any questions that you might have asked. You can’t really accuse me of superficiality in this case.

If I were to give you a description of our days you could be forbidden to fish because you are yawning so much. That’s why I can only assure you that it’s not an easy task to go from being quite busy to being forced to do nothing. Well, doing nothing is not quite the right expression because my time is really taken up with cooking, washing the dishes and the laundry, straightening up, and other kinds of housework. However I have enough leisure during these activities to think about a lot of things. This thinking is what reminds me in a painful way that in our matter we must take consciousness of our situation. In addition, there’s the matter of the mail dragging along and that just makes me have dark thoughts. But I don’t want to foist off my melancholy mood on you. It goes away as soon as I get one of those letters that’s on the way.

Now you’ve been in San Francisco for 5 months already and we only know from you that you’ve arrived well, you live at Bertha’s house, and that you are studying language with Hilda and paying for it by the clearing certificate. That’s quite a bit, isn’t it?

For the care of my children in New York I have not really thanked you, because I only recently found out from a letter from Harry from October 21 in what a selfless way you cared for the children. I will make up for all of this and I hope that I can pay back all the love that was shown to my children.

I am afraid I have today against my will have let myself go here and I hope I haven’t ruined your mood. Sometimes one is so melancholy and it would be better to not write letters when one is feeling that way, but today is the last day for Clipper post. Even though I know that it will still lay around, I don’t want it to be my fault that you are delayed in getting mail.

Paul, get yourself together and write me a very, very detailed general report. Maybe send it as a package so it’ll be cheaper.

I am wishing all the best for you. I am your

Helen


Although written on the same day, the letters posted today were translated 18 months apart — we get a fuller picture when both are read together. Like the letters from March 17, Helene’s letters to her son Harry and to her nephew Paul were very different. To Harry she tells a story of family life filled with literary references. To Paul, she is much more direct. We learn that Paul met Eva and Harry when they arrived in New York and how he helped them make their way to San Francisco.

Helene’s likening herself to the “waiting women” of myth and literature paints a vivid picture. From a summary of characters from Ibsen’s play Peer Gynt, “Solveig, Peer’s ideal love, always beautiful and always patient. Although she grows old and almost blind while waiting for Peer’s return, she has power to defy the Button Moulder by her belief that her faith and love reveal the real Peer. She seems to represent love, holy and remote but everlasting.” Edvard Grieg wrote music to accompany the play, including “Solveig’s Song.”

Even when asking Harry about his job as a clerk (probably for the Levy-Zentner wholesale fruit and vegetable company), she brings in references to old international merchant and trading companies and efforts, painting a more interesting picture than the mere title “clerk” would do.

March 19

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First page of letter. Paul’s letters were written in 4 “pages” on a single sheet, beginning with the outside folded right side of the page. Pages 2 and 3 were on the inside, and page 4 was on the left side of the first page, the back when the sheet …

First page of letter. Paul’s letters were written in 4 “pages” on a single sheet, beginning with the outside folded right side of the page. Pages 2 and 3 were on the inside, and page 4 was on the left side of the first page, the back when the sheet was folded.

Feldpost 211, 19.3.1918

 My dear ones!

Yesterday in the late morning, I arrived although one train too late, but “without complications,” as they say in military jargon. I have arrived, joining the military ranks. I have found everything here as it was before my leave. And therefore I don’t have a lot to tell you about what I am doing because the second battalion is again in reserve in H, and because of daily exercises and most beautiful peacetime drills, interrupted in between by boredom and the desire to have my next leave.

The past leave was just beautiful. First, 14 days at home. I was able to observe Käterl’s better health with my own eyes. Then 14 days in Vienna. There, thanks to the great wonderful extension of my leave, I really enjoyed life. I was only at home one evening, all other nights I was out: the Prater, concerts, dances, cabaret, movies. I saw: “The Queen of Sheba,” “Rigoletto,” “Kuhreigen” [cow dance – perhaps country dancing?], 2 comedies, 1 operetta, etc. I came to know Helene’s circle of friends – and saw a good part of the town and surroundings. At the same time, Helene let me stay at the apartment and gave me evening meals and lunches. I visited Helene’s museums and the Parliament.

In Srzemahl’s [?] I was unfortunately only 1-1/2 days. I also liked it there very much. – The travel back was less pretty. In Budapest, 24 hours of stopping (there I already had to start being parsimonious with my money!) Until Kronstadt, there was no place to sit. But starting from Buzau, a regular train. In Focsam the night in the officers’ building was okay again.

The premature deployment might have happened because the regiment was moved (but only for a few days) and it was ready for attack – it is meanwhile no secret anymore – back then when Romania became obstinate - you are able to remember? – I have to be careful and wait a little while before I request another leave. So you know pretty much everything about me.

Stay healthy and write to me often and a lot.

Your Paul


As I’ve mentioned before, when I found Paul Zerzawy’s box of WWI letters, they seemed like an afterthought to the rest of the documents in the archive – I assumed they were tangential to my grandmother’s story. When Amei Papitto translated this letter 2 months ago, it was a wonderful gift –a window into my grandmother’s Vienna before she was married. It indeed sounds like a cultural paradise – endless live music and entertainment, movies, socializing with her friends (presumably at the cafes). She showed him a grand time!


Studio portrait of Helene at 31 taken in January 1918. Her choice of items to include in the photo makes perfect sense - two books with a newspaper sandwiched between them. Unfortunately we can’t read the book title - perhaps Goethe?

Studio portrait of Helene at 31 taken in January 1918. Her choice of items to include in the photo makes perfect sense - two books with a newspaper sandwiched between them. Unfortunately we can’t read the book title - perhaps Goethe?

March 18

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Mail to prisoners of war

Today we have another letter from Erich Zerzawy to his brother Robert in Bohemia. At this point Erich had been a POW in Russia for almost a year. Although the letter is dated March 18, you can see from the postmarks that the letter didn’t arrive in Brüx until 3 months later, first going through Russia, a censor in Vienna (triangular postmark).

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18./III.17.

My dear Robert!

I was very pleased to get your letter, even though it concerns me that your health is not particularly good. This seems to be one of the first letters sent to Beresowka sent on January 16. I wish you all the best. See to it that you regain your health as soon as possible so that you will be healthy like I am. Unfortunately, I haven't been able to write to you in detail as I would like to. With the colossal escalation here in Russia, they have limited our correspondence to a card a week and a letter every two weeks. I hope you get my next letter. I’ll switch off between writing to you and writing to Papa. You’ll have to console the others as long as I have to do that. For example, yesterday I got 2 cards from Franzl Reh from Neumarkt (December 12 and 15 sent to Trojaksovosk). I wrote to thank them, etc.. I didn’t know about Ernst Sedlacek’s present, but I will try to look for it. I thank Grandmother for all her kind thoughts for me and for the care package she has promised. These are doubly appreciated. By the way, it is best to send those as small Field Post packages. Larger packages can take a long time to come. The others can take 4 weeks. Austrian cigarettes, handkerchiefs, etc. Sincerely,

Erich

Written on the side: Please also Wickelgamaschen [Puttee - leg wraps], socks, suspenders

Until I delved into my family papers, I had no idea that POWs were able to at least sporadically send mail and to receive mail and packages. Even in Ravensbrück and Buchenwald, prisoners received packages – Helene mentions sharing care package contents with fellow prisoners in her letter to Lucienne Simier posted on January 22


Below is a letter from Helene’s husband Haim (Vitali) Cohen to Otto Zrzavy in Prague. This is one of the very few examples I have of Vitali’s writing. Otto may have been Paul Zerzawy’s first cousin, although earlier in the war I have letters from him from Haifa. Perhaps he returned to Europe? But if so, how was he still safe and able to send packages?

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4 March 1945

Dear Otto, Got your package on time on February 8, very happy to get it.  I hope Helene has received news from you too; don’t forget to say hello to her for me. I’m sure you have told Paul and Robert our new addresses.  I wish you all the best (? – covered by the “postal examiner” stamp) and remain your

Haim Cohen


As Vitali is writing this, Helene is about to be released from Ravensbrück and put on a ship to Istanbul, as we saw on March 15. They never hear from each other again.

March 17

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Today’s letter to Helene’s nephew Paul Zerzawy was written on the same date and has the same Clipper and censorship numbers as the letter posted yesterday, which makes me believe both letters were sent together. I organized and archived the papers based on recipient as well as where and when they were found. At that time, I didn’t understand that all of these letters belonged together and told parts of the same story. Therefore, I prioritized translation of Helene’s letters to her children over the documents I found in Paul’s box, never imagining how integral they would be. So these two letters were translated months apart and the “conversation” wasn’t obvious until I began looking at the letters by date.

LT.0526.1941.JPG

 #82                             Vienna, 17 March 1941

My dear Paul! Your telegram on the affidavit, etc was certainly the answer to my letter of February 12th. I am blaming myself again, not that I overestimated the necessity and direness of our situation, but because I am causing you so much expense. I know from Hilda that you are working like crazy and when I imagine your weary, exhausted face and think about how many hours you must still torture yourself to earn money even to send a telegram, then I could just cry. I would have answered you with a prepaid answer telegram if it were possible in order to tell you about my health. So please don’t send a cable unless it’s really necessary. I do not want to make so much trouble for you. I have certainly not exaggerated, nor did I want to cause you unnecessary fear; but I believed that Robert or someone else had written about us, but since I had heard nothing from you I knew that you were either not informed about us or incorrectly informed. There is no place for reproach here. I certainly hesitated when it came to telling you about unpleasant things, but until November the postal service was fairly secure and it took 12-14 days for a letter to arrive. But after this time the Clipper letters were taking so long and sending a telegraph would have also been possible. I know that I wrote to you last year that I didn’t need any material assistance and that I would like to save the willingness of the relatives to help until the time for our departure. Now it has come and I must add to my request for ship tickets, namely tickets from Vienna so that we can get to the ship. We are not allowed to pay this with our own funds. I promised you on my honor at the time that I would tell you the naked truth. The point has come when I must swallow my pride and ask our relatives to stand by me. What it costs me, the effort to do this, you can well imagine. Not that I have any doubt about the generosity, but precisely because of it I find it so agonizing. As far as the second part of your telegram goes, you didn’t tell me anything new. We knew all this already, but it’s not true of all districts in the USA. But it’s tout égal to us, in other words we don’t care how we earn our living. It’s premature to rack our brains about that now and it’s kind of like the story of the two people from here who had a fight with each other. They had grown up together as friends and decided to buy a car together. They fought about it and they treated each other rudely because each of them thought he should be in the driver’s seat and neither wanted to sit inside the car. They fought until the stronger one said “you’re going to get off that coach box!” and then he k.o.’ed the other. But we don’t want to land over there with such an intent. I have figured out (!!) that you have received all of my letters and you will know what’s going on. If the post were running normally, you would not get such hurried news from us all at once. In closing Paul, I thank you for your willingness to help, your trouble, and last but not least I am sorry that I caused you such dark hours. And now it seems between our departure there are not hundreds of days but maybe thousands, measured by what’s going on. So please I ask you to forgive me for my inappropriate expressions of reproach and my unjust accusations. My disenchantment with Europe is the reason for everything and the excuse for it. Please greet all the loved ones from us and be kissed by

Helen


Helene says that the telegram she received must be in response to a letter from February 12. Despite the dozens of letters I have from Helene at that time, I don’t have a letter from that date. But we have seen letters addressing their situation and requesting that Paul reply by telegram, as well as the text of the telegrams that Paul sent.

Helene is much clearer with Paul about the direness of their situation in Vienna than she was in the letter to her children which I posted yesterday. She remains ever resilient and optimistic, certain she and Vitali will find a way to support themselves in America. As I read through the letters from this time, I am filled with “if onlys” – if only Helene had asked for help sooner, if only Paul had more resources at his disposal, if only…

March 16

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LT.0188.1941.jpg

# 82                                         Vienna, 17 March 1941

My dear children!

We had a happy Sunday yesterday. In the morning your letter #6 from February 12 came and Paul’s dispatch came in the afternoon. After that, Papa invited me out for a snack. Without being asked, he got the “Popolo di Roma” [perhaps the Il Popolo d’Italia] and the “Illustrazzioni” [presumably L'Illustrazione Italiana] and I got the past Reading Circle* handed to me. Was the waiter able to read my mind so well that he knew that I live in the past or was it just my whole demeanor that suggested to him that he should bring this particular reading material to me? Be that as it may, he did a good job. At first, I was a little annoyed at myself because I had forgotten my lorgnette that I use to read, but Papa knew what to do. He lent me his monocle which he uses for reading and work and like the Phorcides [sisters in Greek mythology] who together had only one eye and one tooth they had to trade them among themselves if they either wanted to eat or see, we when one of us wanted to read the other one had to look at pictures. I really had a delightful time. First, I read the main article of the Vienna newspaper from 18 August 1849, and then I handed Papa the monocle and the newspaper and I had fun looking at the pictures in the fashion magazine “Bazaar” from 1878. After Papa gave me the monocle back, I amused myself reading a number of the “Simplicissimus” from 1906. I had to laugh so hard that your dad threatened that I’d have to be thrown out of the restaurant. Since I didn’t want that to happen, I gave him the “Eye” back and the newspaper and I used my teeth which fortunately still only belong to me. Then something awful happened. Papa laughed so hard that I was embarrassed and I was afraid that I would be thrown out of the restaurant and never allowed to return again.

Everl wrote to me that she had a really good time at a dance and that I would not recognize the wallflower of Ellomere again. Do you remember that your former dance school was located in the former court stables and teachers and students would actually compete (successfully) to adapt to the surroundings? The noble dance knight taught his youngest stallions to stamp their hoofs, made sure that they were groomed properly - that was the most important thing for him.  

Harry’s humor is apparently suffering from his corns. Nimm Kukirol, Du fühlst Dich wohl. [advertising slogan: If you use Kukirol/moleskin bandages for your corns, you’ll feel good]. Papa recommends to Hilda “The Ten-point way to health” Surya Namaskar by Rajah of Aundh. Do you remember when you came back from Istanbul and you did that traction everyday? I laughed about it at the time because the illustrations on the title page looked like the people were looking through their knees to see what was making their ass itch.

May God make sure your humor stays with you because you need it. Even though some of the letters which you will be getting from me don’t sound as cheerful as usual, being in the doldrums is not a universal cure. Forget about it, there’s no point in it. At the same time, I ask you to forgive me that I have complained about you only reading my letters in a superficial way. But you must have gotten a lot of my letters which should have given you some insight into the situation. Maybe you are only receiving them now. In any case, quite a while ago I did give you some hints - if you had understood them, you might have been more prepared for things. You might have been surprised about my bombastic style. Maybe that’s also because you’re actually so used to speaking English now. An unclear form of expression is usually not my habit. It is most important to me that my letters arrive.

Live well and don’t be afraid to tell me everything. I am happy when I know that you are doing  good, better, or best.

With many kisses
Helen


There is so much to digest in this letter. Helene is very anxious about their situation in Vienna, but even when saying so, she does it in a cryptic way. Perhaps to avoid the censors? As we saw in the story about riding the streetcar with 3-year old Eva, Helene worries about what others might think. I do not know what Helene refers to when she talks about Eva no longer being a wallflower. I found the Earl of Ellesmere who was an early translator of Goethe’s Faust. Addendum: after reading this post, my friend Rose V found the Elmayer Dance School in Vienna, which has been in existence since 1919.

Helene’s and Vitali don’t have access to current news and find ways to amuse themselves reading old newspapers and magazines. Harry loved to do the same, often buying 100-year old illustrated magazines from used bookstores. A Lesezirkel or Reading Circle was a sort of magazine subscription “lending library” where one paid more to get the most recent edition before passing it on. Clearly, they had no money and amused themselves with 40-60 year old editions.

It is wonderful to have a window into their reading material. They were omnivorous and multi-lingual readers. I am not sure which Bazaar Helene refers to. Like Helene, you can virtually leaf through old issues of Harper’s Bazaar through the Cornell University Library. We see that Vitali knew about yoga (the book he recommends is available on Google Docs) and that Harry tried it as a teenager. There really isn’t anything new under the sun.

March 15

According to historian Corry Guttstadt (author of Turkey, the Jews, and the Holocaust), Helene was one of about 20 Turkish women imprisoned in Ravensbrück who were part of a prisoner trade arranged by Switzerland between Germany and Turkey. They were freed and brought to Lübeck on February 28, 1945. On March 15, they boarded the Swedish ship Drottningholm in Göteborg (Gothenburg). According to my grandmother’s letters, the ship made stops to drop off or pick up former prisoners in Liverpool, Norway, the Faroe Islands, Lisbon, Gibraltar, and Port Said before ultimately reaching Istanbul on April 10.

Below is a copy of an article that appeared in the March 15, 1945 edition of the Swedish Newspaper Dagens Nyheter which Corry Guttstadt shared with me. My husband’s cousin Louise Heller provided the translation.

Screen Shot 2021-03-13 at 7.20.54 AM.png

 ‘Drottningholm’ has departed
Massload of 125 Swedish passengers  go to Turkey

Göteborg, Wednesday.

On Wednesday, the day before ‘Drottningholms’  exchange departure, it was a very lively scene in the waiting room of the American Line’s waiting room and concrete shed, where among extensive baggage, customs officers and police authorities had a lot to do, especially concerning the Argentinian diplomats and also the  Swedish missionaries who were leaving. Over a period of time, the remaining group of passengers were placed in huts. At 12.58,  the  group of 37 Portuguese who had arrived on the night train from Hälsingborg were taken from Gothenburg’s Central Station to the boat by bus.

Later on, the Argentinian diplomats arrived, 114 in total, and a group of 17 English people. They had to stay among 65 other people including prisoners, missionaries with their families, 25 Swedish businessmen representing S.K.F.L.M. Ericson and other industries, 19 Swedish diplomats, and 6 Red Cross personnel.    

With the above-named groups of English people and the civilian interns from Turkey, together with the Turkish diplomats who had boarded earlier in the week, the ‘Drottningholn’, had a total of 892 passengers. This number is lower than had been expected, but more than average in normal circumstances. The Swedish authorities are still unclear about the fate of the Irish passengers.

308 people will travel to Liverpool, 222 to Lisbon, 336 to Istanbul, and 26 to Port Said. 

Three Greeks are also present.

Even the Peruvian minister from Stockholm was onboard. He is going to Lisbon to be with his family and then will return to the ‘Drottningholm’. Axel Paulin, from the Swedish foreign department, and the Swiss delegate M. Auber de la Rue will be present for the whole journey. There were 3 Greeks among the group from Argentina. 

In a statement to T.T., the shipping company manager Axel Jonsson spoke about his great satisfaction in how the German authorities have managed this exchange which was carried out as planned. ‘I must thank the custom officers, the police, post officers, and Red Cross personnel for all their help in making the boat line staff making the boarding as easy as possible. I would also like to thank the German sailing expert legation in Stockholm, Dr. Riensberg, for his excellent cooperation.

It is clear that on such a boat as ‘Drottningholm’, which is built for two or three classes, there are problems when we make it for one class only’ Jonsson pointed out. ‘It is difficult to satisfy everyone’s needs, but thanks to the leaders of the various groups, I think that the shipping line has placed the passengers in such a way that they will enjoy their trip home’.

Journey to Istanbul 21 days

‘Fortunately, we also have cargo’ continued Jonsson. ‘This includes 2.000 tons of paper, pulp and various goods which are sought after in Turkey. We will even receive goods from Turkey on our way back, so the ‘Drottninghom’ will be something of a hired boat.

Engineer Nielson, who together with Major Brunes oversaw the work of the Red Cross troops during the exchange, had to his disposal the help of 30 men and 10 women. The work here was not as extensive as previous work with the exchange of the war prisoners when many were sick. ‘Then we had around 20 people who had to be carried and 5 or 6 who had to be transported with ‘gullstol’. [“golden chair” - Two people carrying a person up with flat hands]

Captain Nordlander says that the boat will depart at 6 o’clock on Thursday morning and intends to continue from Vinga a few hours later. The crossing to Liverpool will take roughly 6 days, and then continue on to Istanbul for 15 days. At the end of May, the boat will be back at Gothenburg with about 1,000 German exchange passengers. 

March 14

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First page of letter

First page of letter

 New Guinea
March 14, 1944

Dear Eva,

Thanks for your letter of February 26, which makes it the fourth one I have received from you. It was a good idea to type the V-letters because the typing is more legible than handwriting, moreover you can get more gossip in this limited writing space of the V-mail stationery than otherwise.

Your description of your new job is very vague, so I still don’t quite know what it is. As far as I could make out, you are engaged in semi-clerical and medical work; it seems like a stuffy job to me.

There isn’t anything new I could tell you. I haven’t seen any action as yet, but I hope I will in the near future; it’s still the old routine. The opinion of the fellows is that we’ll never see action. I remember, back in California, almost everyone of this outfit was dead sure that we’d never go overseas. They were wrong then and I hope they are wrong again.

Have you heard any news from Washington in regards to admitting you into the Army Nurse Corps?

Please tell Paul that the reason for my not writing him is that there is nothing new to tell except what he reads in the family’s letters and that I have to keep personal opinions about things to myself, lest I be known as antagonist. (Don’t I sound tough today, by cracky? It’s just a touch of New Guinea Blues.) You can let him read my letters though. Tell him that I’m deteriorating mentally and ask him what can be done about it. I have a math book and that keeps my brain from failing. Routine work and day-dreaming (anticipating thoughts of going back, planning a future, etc.) has a dulling effect on me. I wish you would send me a book or something like it which has math problems, quizzes, etc. in it. I guess Paul can advise you on that if he is well enough. I was thinking of playing chess, but there is no one here to play with; to play chess with myself doesn’t seem very interesting. I guess you know now what my state of mind is and I hope you can give me some advice. Thank you.

Well that’s about all I got to tell you at present.

Let me know how Paul is getting along. Give my best regards to him and your friends.

Love,
Harry

P.S. Please send me also a good map of the world; I think bookstores have some kind of an atlas for sale which is quite inexpensive. I think I have one among my things at Hilda’s but it’ll be too much work digging it out.

P.P.S. In case you have to show this letter to the post office in order to mail me what I want, here is my order:

1. one or two books
2. a map or an atlas

Wrap the package well because it has a long way to go. Thank you!


 We saw an example of a V-mail from Harry in the February 3 post. The National WWII Museum in New Orleans has an interesting article on V-mail.

Apparently V-mail did not speed up receipt of letters – on the last page you can see that it was processed in San Francisco more than a month after it was written.

last page of letter

last page of letter

We learn from this letter that Eva applied to join the Army Nurse Corps. In the March 7 post Harry talked about her considering a job with Standard Oil. Clearly she wanted to get away and abroad as soon as possible.

20-year old Harry was no different than 92-year old Harry: ever curious, devouring books and newspapers, keeping his mind sharp playing games. This letter echoes one written by Paul at the same age during World War I where he complains of boredom and lack of reading material.

March 13

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Like her letters, Helene’s stories often take us on a roundabout yet satisfying journey. The story posted today begins by referring to a newspaper article about the opening of Vienna’s rebuilt opera house in 1955. She then muses on the Vienna of her memory, and regrets that her daughter Eva’s experience of that Vienna ended up being far less magical than her mother’s, especially after March 13, 1938. She tells us a bit about her impressions of living in San Francisco. After explaining the ins and outs of Vienna’s coffeehouse culture, Helene recalls a happy time from Eva’s childhood, which brings us to the title of the story – a song that was popular at the time [Per Wikipedia (using Google translate): “Oh Katharina! is the title of a one-step hit that Richard Fall composed in E flat major in 1924. The text for this was composed by the librettist Fritz Löhner under his stage name Beda. The song was published with the subtitle "Grüss dich Gott" by the Viennese Bohème-Verlag Berlin-Vienna.”].

Newspaper clipping saved by Helene Translation: Left side - State Opera House 1945: A fiery ruin in a burning, starving, trembling city; Right side - State Opera House 1955: A shining palace of fine arts, jewel of the new Vienna

Newspaper clipping saved by Helene

Translation: Left side - State Opera House 1945: A fiery ruin in a burning, starving, trembling city; Right side - State Opera House 1955: A shining palace of fine arts, jewel of the new Vienna

Excerpt of the first half of a story written by Helene in the late 1950s:

First page of story

First page of story

O, Katherina, O, Katherina

That Vienna which had reopened its new Opera building in November 1955 is as strange to me as is the North or South Pole.

I made Austria’s capital my elective home 55 years ago with an abundance of sentiment and the consuming flame of immeasurable vehemence of feelings which only a girl at the tender age of sixteen can produce who had not yet sought or found another outlet for her emotions.

As a high school girl stuffed with Greek mythology, I had the idea of Vienna as the Muse of songs and tunes, disguised as a big city. Such a metamorphosis seemed to me just as imaginable as Jupiter’s matricides.

… I have to begin with: “Once upon a time,” since I told that story to my daughter when she was just three years old.

Once upon a time, there was a beautiful habitation situated on the banks of the Danube, surrounded by an enchanting landscape, near the spurs of the Alps. The Romans on their conquests stopped and settled at that place and called it Vindobona – good wind – and later it became Vienna, a beautiful city inhabited by people who really were brought there by a good wind….

Many good fairies stood godmother, endowed it with beauty, hilarity and music. Music was in the air, in the trees, in the woods, in the flowers, and in geniuses such as Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, and Brahms, who knew to listen and only had to write it down. The swallows when they left that place to visit the pyramids in Egypt told them how wonderful that place was where they came from and that they wanted to return as quickly as possible.

That and other fairy tales I told my daughter when she was somewhat older than she was as the heroine of my following tale. I guess she will never forgive me for that false notion that I gave her of her birthplace, a description existing only in my flourishing imagination, from that Vienna I loved so much and still love.

She was almost 18 years old when Hitler on the 13 March 38 conquered Vienna and was hailed as savior by well-instructed legions of imported Viennese from the Reich (Germany) and Graz, the provincial capital of Styria, that town which got for that Judas kiss the title of Die Stadt der Volkserhebung – Town of the Revolution. On that day had my daughter drunk Lethean water. All the nice recollections which she must have had sank into the trap-door of her theater. Forgotten were the evenings I spent with her at the opera, at the concerts, museums, our Sunday walks in the Vienna woods, trips to the Wachau and even the immortal works of the German poets were overturned by the creations of the united native Austrian and the Horst Wessel Lied or imported mob: Huetet euch ihr Mazzoth-Fresser, bald kommt die Nacht der langen Messer.” Watch out you matzo eater, near is the night where our long knives will be in action. …

It is not my intention to spoil my own delight and happiness at being so lucky to bask as a resident and citizen of California in the beautiful sunshine the Lord who had created radiant days with such perfection; the Lord who besides making weather had the ability to plunge all the world into an inferno.

May 5, 1924 was the third birthday of my little girl. I decided to celebrate that grand day by taking my child to the Rudolfshof which was very easy to approach or to leave if the weather should have the caprice to change.

The vast garden provided a big playground for children, with clean sand and buckets so that the kids could carry as much water as they needed from the nearby faucet. The place was at a higher level than the coffee house garden, and the parents were sitting under blooming chestnut trees on that beautiful spring day. All mothers had one thing in common: the wish to relax. They managed it in a variety of ways: by reading, embroidering, or like me, doing nothing. I took a chair to put my feet on, leaned my head on the back of a wicker chair, and closed my eyes.


Before I give a description of that glorious day, I have to convey how an old time Viennese ordered a cup of coffee, an unpretentious cup of coffee, in one of the circa 2,000 coffeehouses of the city of Vienna.

An American who had the desire for a cup of coffee would have gone to a cafeteria, would have sat down at a counter or a booth if there had been one, would have accepted without turning a hair a cup with its dark contents and without much ado. Cream, sugar, ketchup, mustard, Worcestershire sauce, tabasco and toothpicks were always on any table or counter and he could put in his cup whatever and however much as he wanted. The waitress wouldn’t give him a look or a thought, would write the bill and put it upside down before the guest. He would drink, pay and the whole affair would have been over in a few minutes. What an easy job to work in an American coffee shop. For an American, a cup of coffee is a cup of coffee, nothing else except that in the ten years since I lived in one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, in San Francisco the price for a cup of coffee jumped from a nickel (5 cents) to a dime (10 cents). 

A traveler who had not enjoyed the Vienna I have known would have to learn by heart some rules or expressions before he had the right to say he knew the famous Viennese coffee houses.

There were from the standpoint of the vessels as well as from the curtains so many variations:

·      One tasse equals about a cup
·      One glass contains the same amount, but some people prefer to drink their coffee out of a stem-glass.
·      One schale is a cup of medium size
·      One Nuss had a double meaning. As measurement it meant a small cup like a nutshell, as stimulant it meant a dollhouse sized cup of coffee with enough milk to turn the beverage the color of a nutshell. (The American meaning “nuts” would have been more adequate.)
·      One Turkish (my favorite) was a concoction of powdered, finest coffee, boiled in a special way with sugar in a conic-shaped vessel with a long stem of copper or brass, served in the little pot in which it was boiled, put on a tray with a glass of ice water and an empty dollhouse-sized cup.

To order the coffee the way you wanted it was a little bit more difficult. The Viennese didn’t just order the empty container:

·      Tasse mit Schlag was a big eggshell-china cup with whipped cream
·      Tasse mit Doppelschlag was the same with a double amount of whipped cream.
·      Tasse: more brown meant the same container, but not too much milk, without Schlag (whipped cream)
·      Schale “more brown” was a medium-sized cup. (I suppose that after World War II no Viennese had the desire of “more brown.” [Helene drew a swastika]

The price for all mentioned kinds was the same.

·      A Kapuziner was always understood to be a small cup of coffee with milk in the color of the garb of a Capuchin monk (not lighter, not darker).
·      A Mocca was a small dollhouse-sized cup of always ready black coffee, contrary to the always freshly prepared Turkish.

Now, with the apprentice David in “Meistersinger” who introduced the knight Walther von Stolzing into the mysteries of a mastersong, I would say: These are only the names, now learn to order your cup of coffee. The memory of a Viennese waiter was amazing. When he approached a table of a dozen people who ordered at least half a dozen, he only seldom made a mistake and if he did, he would have apologized. With an air worthy of a more important affair, he wrote down the orders, repeated them by throwing a glance at each guest, and when everybody nodded appreciatively, the waiter went to the counter where the orders were effectuated, and with the greatest calmness he asked for: six with and six without. With an inimitable nonchalance, he distributed the cups in the opposite order that had been made. No German guest would have accepted something he had not ordered. But the Viennese tourist who got a table in such an establishment considered himself lucky to be asked by a waiter for his wishes at all and he by no means complained. He was so happy, tired and glad to have an opportunity to relax that he willingly accepted that 2+2=5 and consumed what the waiter had put before him. If one of the guests made a fuss, the coffee was taken from him, given to somebody at the next table who couldn’t wonder enough about the attention the waiter paid to him, but the complaining guest could wait until doomsday for another cup and would have accepted with pleasure that cup he had refused before, but he had lost his chance. 

Maybe in the resurrected Vienna, the coffee house habits have not changed totally, since not all Viennese are gone. Therefore, European travelers who pass Vienna, I freely give you the first lesson in coffeeology which you must learn by heart if you don’t want to be recognized as a greenhorn. (That is a terrible thing. Believe me, I speak with some authority about that subject).


Photo of Helene with young Eva

Photo of Helene with young Eva

That tedious lesson was necessary to understand the trouble of a mother of a three-year-old, taking her out for a trip.

I told my girl: “Eva, it is your birthday and I will take you out without your little brother.”
-“That is fine.”
-“Will you not take along your new doll?”
-“I don’t want to carry it along all day.”
-“No maternal instinct at all,” I thought.
-“Where shall we go, Eva? Prater or Rudolfshof?”
-“Rudolshof, and I want to have an ice-bombe.” (different flavors of ice cream in various colors, imbedded in two shells of meringue, big enough to serve four people)
-“All right,” I said and thought she will not be always three years old. Today I will let her have her will and I will say to the waitress to fill it with only half the amount.

We took the streetcar #38 and my daughter behaved herself and accepted the seat I had chosen, unlike her general habit. She looked very pretty in her new dress of white muslin with blue dots.

At the Waisenhausgasse Orphanage stop, two capuchin monks entered the car and seated themselves opposite of us.

-“Mutti, why have the two men no hats and go on the street in their housecoats?
-“They don’t wear housecoats” I whispered, “and don’t talk so loud.”
-“Why?”
-“It is not customary. Imagine if everybody would talk as loud as you do at the same time, what a noise there would be in the streetcar.”
-“But nobody besides me talks.” 
-“Because all people here in the tram have better manners,” I lisped into her ear. “Nobody is interested in your conversation. Therefore, if you have to tell me something or want to ask me a question, do it in a way that not all the people have to listen to it.”
-“The two men wear clotheslines instead of belts. Why are they dressed so funny?”
-“They are monks and the garb they wear is required by the order they belong to,” I whispered and repeated: “Please lower your voice.”

I tried to divert her attention to something on the street but my daughter didn’t care about what was going on outside.

-“What are monks?”
-“Priests. And now be silent for a little while, please. Take into consideration that not all people like to have their thoughts disturbed.”
-“What kind of priests?”
-“Kapuziner (Capuchins).”

Immediately my daughter started to sing a hit, just in vogue at that time: “O, Katherina, o, Katherina schenk mir ein ‘nen Kapuziner.” (O, Catherine, o, Catherine, Serve me a little cup of dark, brown coffee), but the way my child pronounced it when she picked up that song on the street ran: “O, Catherine, o, Catherine, present me with a little monk.”

I dropped my handbag, lost my color and my wits, and my only wish was to leave the car.

-“Come along Eva, we have to get out.”
-“No, it is not yet the terminal and Rudolfshof is the next to last station.”
-“You are right, but I remembered that I have an errand here in the neighborhood and then we will take the next car.”
-“Today is my birthday and I want you not to run errands.”

Disregarding her objection, I pulled the cord and approached the exit, but my daughter showed not the slightest inclination to leave the tram. The car stopped at the next corner but my child didn’t want to leave the car and I had to postpone my “errand.” Eva ran back to where the monks were sitting, placing her little person before them. The older one was a very stout man; the younger one was tall and slim. I was afraid that my daughter would make some remarks to continue the conversation. I took her hand and wanted to tie her to a bench in the most remote corner, but Eva grasped with her other little paw the garment of one of the monks, without finding it worthwhile to contradict my: “Come and sit down, please.” 

-“What is your name, please?” she asked the older priest, bending her head a little to one side and casting him a coquettish glance, which had she been fifteen years older would have been called “irresistible.”
-The friendly priest said, smiling: “Father Anselmo.”
-“And yours?” she asked with a similar look to the younger priest.
-“Frater Clemens.”
-“My name is Eva Maria Nehoc and my mother’s name is Helene and my father’s is Vitali.”

 All passengers, except me, seemed very amused and I thought: “five minutes more and all the people in the car would be informed in which income tax bracket we belong.” 

-“Why did my mutti tell me your names were Kapuziner?”
-“That is the name of our brotherhood.”
-“The name of our brotherhood is Harry.”
-“I think you love your brother very much,” said the young priest.
-“Not too much. He is screaming a lot and so loud.”
-“How old is he?”
-“Three months.”
-“You did the same when you were a baby, only you can’t remember.”
-“Maybe, but I had no brother nor sister who would be annoyed by my hollering.”
-“But you have parents, who perhaps didn’t like it either.”
-“Oh, they didn’t mind,” she said deprecatingly.

For a few minutes I didn’t listen to what my daughter told them, but it must have been something very funny because all our fellow-passengers roared with laughter. Even the two monks were smiling.

My daughter still stood before them supporting herself on their knees as the car took a sharp curve. I rose from my seat and asked my little girl to be good and sit down.

-“Mutti, you have to give Father Anselmo and Frater Clemens some money to buy themselves socks, they don’t have any.”
-I tore her away vigorously and said: “I will, but not on the streetcar.”
-“Why?”
-“In churches are boxes to put money in.”
-“But you never go to churches. Will you go to their homes?”
-“I will go to a church today and you can accompany me.”
-“Poor men. They have to wash their feet very often, don’t they?”
-I bent to her ear and whispered: “They do, but please be quiet, really my head aches from your talking continually.”
-“If you have a headache, I am sure you will not go to church today. Shall I ask for their address so you can pay them a visit to their home?”

I was at the end of my wits and did not answer her anymore, but Heaven heard my prayer. The two monks had to leave at the next stop. An elderly lady saw that the two priests had risen to leave the car, stood up too to kiss their hands. My daughter watched it, ran to the exit and called: “Father Anselmo, Frater Clemens, please wait a moment, my mutti wants to kiss your hands too.”

That time they didn’t pay attention to the wish of my daughter.

The car moved in the same direction the two Kapuziner monks walked, and when we passed them Eva waved with her little hand and they answered her salutation with a smile.

March 11

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LT.0187.1941.jpg

Vienna, 11 March 1941

#80      My dear children!

In front of me I have your letter of February 5 (#5) which I have already let you know that I received but hadn’t gone into any more details. Everl’s description of the concert academy I found delightful. It is interesting that recently when I was looking for a piece of material thought about the same event happening at a student concert. Isn’t that funny? We have experienced all sorts of episodes in our 18 years of living together. When I was looking among my scraps of material for a little piece [a Flickfleck - also a board game], I picked up a piece of the “veins dress”. Suddenly it was like a film was playing before my eyes. A little dirndl which was round as a barrel with a little pageboy head made a lovely curtsy and even did some arabesques in rhythm. The next number I only have a memory of “The Cuckoo” and the serious little face of a modern composer. One almost would have thought he was trying to play a paraphrase on the topic of “cuckoo”. No wonder that the little one made quite an impression on us. It’s very strange that my thoughts always flee into the past. But when you think about it, it’s not so surprising really, because the present is so unpleasant. It’s only strange that I do this more and more in recent times. Why go far back into the past? If I were a pessimist, I would explain it that I feel closer to those who were then but are not alive anymore. I don’t mean that in an emotional way, but I would think that I feel closer to them back from that time than I do to you. But I am an optimistic kind of person and I find the explanation of this that my beloved departed relatives communicate with us in this way. They give me advice or they even want to help. If I should ever be on the other side, I would try to express myself more clearly. I am sure that many before me have tried to do that. It’s probably not a matter of them but of us, we who have not learned to listen to our inner voice. We write 375, a great migration of people begins. But haven’t we gone even farther back? Don’t we live in Noah’s times? Will there be room in his ark for us? I believe the Pompadour once said “Après nous, le déluge”. How smart she was.

According to my astronomical calculations, there ought to be a letter from you tomorrow. If I am wrong again this time, then I will throw all those calculations overboard and I will find a better way. 

I have read through Harry’s letter and I let Dischendorfer know about it right away which was not necessary because it seemed like he had been waiting for me anyway. Harry-bubi seemed to have grown ceremoniously, his nature really came through if you read between the lines. I don’t know if or when the affidavit is coming, but I have decided to cut material for your corns so I’ll have that for you. Papa just went right by me and I didn’t move over enough to give him room, didn’t show respect in that way. Don’t you feel better that I can write less now? You were certainly without news from us for 14 whole days because I had the brilliant idea to send #66 via South America. Certainly #67 is already in your possession, but it won’t tell you very much because it was from that time when I hadn’t had any mail for so long and as we see I incorrectly assumed that delivery of letters from us was at a standstill as well.

Harry should write something about his work selling bananas. Maybe if he writes such detailed descriptions my mouth will be watering, my nose will feel the scent of this delicious fruit, that has not been tasted for a long time. I will report back to him in a twitchy way. What’s the text of the Prince Eugen song? Didn’t he build a bridge that one could cross over? [pun about twitching]

I’ve got to go now.

     Kiss, kiss
Helen
to everyone


Eva sewed many of her own clothes. I wonder she is referring to the dress in the photo below when she talks about the “veins dress”.:

Eva at the sewing machine in Vienna in 193?

Eva at the sewing machine in Vienna in 193?

Might this be the “veins dress”?

Might this be the “veins dress”?

March 10

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

This letter is a copy of Vitali’s reply to the eviction notice of February 27. This must have among the many documents and photos Eva and Harry brought with them when they came to San Francisco in October 1939.

Apparently his appeal was granted as he and Helene stayed in their apartment until 1942.

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   Haim Seneor Cohen                                  Vienna, 10 March 1939
Vienna, III. Seidlgasse 14/20

 To the court on Landstrasse

Case Number 627/39

                                    Vienna III
Rüdengasse 7-9

For the following reasons, I object to the eviction notice from my apartment, Vienna III Seidlgasse 14/20, that was sent to me:

·      I fall under tenant protection laws and must be given three months notice of termination.
·      I have lived in this house for 19 years without Aryan neighbors refusing to live under the same roof because of my religion. I need a place to live just like they do.
·      In addition, I am a Turkish citizen who is as protected under current state treaties by the German Empire as a German citizen would be in Turkey. 
·      I therefore ask you to declare the eviction illegal.

Sincerely

March 9

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

Today’s letter is from soldier Harry Lowell to his sister Eva who was a nurse in San Francisco.

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 New Guinea
March 7, 1944

Dear “Angel in White”,

Thank you for your letters, old girl; letters here are as welcome to us as a piece of a boot is to a starved Arctic explorer – even more so.

The news about your quitting your good job had me sort of worried, in view of Tillie’s probable anger. (I like to have “all quiet on the home front.”) Furthermore, your intentions to accept that Standard Oil offer led me to believe that you are becoming more and more like your brother – looney is the word. I appreciate your adventurous spirit because I know I’d do the same thing if I were you. Due to my valuable experiences in the desert and tropics, I am in a position to give you sound brotherly advice; my “cons” outnumber your “pros” by a longshot. I can about imagine what your “pros” are, so lend an ear to the “cons” of your affectionate brother who is always looking out for the welfare of his foolish little sister. (How dramatic, eh? I would be pretty good at writing soap operas don’t you think?) Well, to begin with, life there will be different from what you expect it to be. I know what it is like to be far away from family, friends, and things which in civilization are taken for granted but which, far away, gain a thousand percent in value. It’s a sort of loneliness that overcomes one. To add to your tasks as a nurse, that feeling of loneliness and quasi seclusion from the outside world and its comforts, would be foolish. (As you are not very religiously inclined you are apt to go batty before you know it). That part of the world has nothing to offer in scenic beauty or nice weather; desert may be the only scenery surrounding you and intense heat is the climate there. (I suppose you’ve read about the hardships of the Foreign Legionnaires. That Standard Oil plant may be just as secluded as a legion’s fort.) A further “con” is that a pretty face on a nurse in that corner of the world is a disadvantage rather than an advantage. If the men over there feel the way we lonely soldiers here do – o lá lá – some maternity ward would have plenty to do. (By cracky, I sound like an old grandmother!) Believe me, Eva, one does the most irrational things away from civilization. (The nurses here have the reputation of the WACs of whom I wrote you from Fort Warren.) There are more “cons” yet, but they would fill pages. Tell me in your next letter whether my lecture surpasses that of Paul’s.

Things are about the same as before; New Guinea is a good place to stay away from. If it weren’t for the postal regulations I would like to send a nice foot-long constrictor to Ursula’s mother [Ursula was a friend of Eva’s from nursing school]. I’ve seen quite a few big snakes and rats that were about two feet long. There are many peculiar insects to make life more interesting and itching.

The food isn’t bad at all.

How are things going in San Francisco? I would give a lot to be there right now. Daydreaming is becoming a habit with me.

Have you seen Hilda lately? I hope Paul is coming along fine.

So you are teaching French to Ursula; what is she going to do with that knowledge? I think English will be used instead of French as the international and diplomatic language.

I certainly envy you for the opportunity of going skiing every weekend! Well, I’ll be back soon; it won’t be long now.

Well, that’s about all there is to write at present.

As to my advice, I hope I have described the situation as dark as possible. It should give you something to think about; anyway, think twice before you rush into such an adventure. (Ugh.)

Love,
Harry
(Chaplain)

P.S. Give my regards to everyone.
P.P.S. Please, send me some copies of the Sunday editions of the Examiner and Chronicle.
P.P.S.S. If it’s possible send me also some Readers’ Digests.

        Thank you.


This letter gives us a glimpse into the lives of Helene’s children after living almost 4-1/2 years in the U.S. They have been separated from their parents since 1939 and have heard virtually nothing from them since late 1941. I imagine they know their parents have been sent to the camps, but communication was far more difficult and sporadic than it had been while Helene and Vitali were stranded in Vienna. Eva and Harry are unable to do anything at this point to assist their parents.

This letter is filled with the same kind of humor and spirit as their mother’s letters. We learn a great deal about Eva’s life thanks to Harry’s references to her letters.

Eva wanted a life of travel and adventure. We learn here that she was considering a job as a nurse at Standard Oil, presumably in the Middle East since Harry mentions the desert. Her brother was able to get out of San Francisco, but there was no encouragement for her to do so. I have often wondered how different her life would have been if she had been born at a time and place where she was encouraged to follow her dreams.

I love Harry’s brotherly advice. He has adopted a lot of American slang. It is interesting that he talks to Eva about what it’s like to leave everything and everyone behind to go to some remote location. Of course, that’s exactly what they did together in coming to San Francisco! My mother’s experience of American young men was not positive, and his advice would not have made her any more trusting. It’s no wonder she ended up marrying an older immigrant from Europe.

Below Eva’s 1943 nursing school graduation photo. She is at the far right in the front row (a bit out of focus).

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March 8

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

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# 25

Vienna, 8 March 1940

Harry my boy,

Yes, I got your illustrated letter from January 22 and from February 22 (the latter arrived 5 minutes ago) and I’m very happy. Every letter is read aloud several times. Even those who aren’t that involved would pretty much have to memorize it.

The milk of the US and the pious thoughts - I’m so glad that you have given up the American habit of chewing gum. The lion’s share I know from your sister to whom I express heartfelt thanks. If she helped you in your attempt to give up this habit by calling you the term of endearment “Pig”, she was wrong. As far as I can remember my studies of science, this tasty animal which delivers ham to us is not a ruminant. If you should fall back on your old habits, she should remember this.

The loss of your mustache apparently wasn’t a problem. Have you forgotten that promised me a picture when it grows back? Now you have taken it off without us getting to meet it. When you’re growing this male attribute which I find unattractive - if you stop that, then there must be all sorts of surprises awaiting us when we see each other.

I’m a little jealous that the stories of Mouffle’s meat rations correspond to ours but I would be happy to switch places with him as far as the quality goes.

Now there’s not much new to report. It’s still freezing cold. In the Prater Park, the trees aren’t blooming yet wine is not growing yet, the first harbingers of spring are a pair of flies who apparently intended to come into our kitchen. I don’t think I was very polite to them. At least its still a little warmer. I took off my third pair of stockings and am only wearing two pair now, one from rubber and one from a wool-like substance which is not really following the Palmers’ model, which is my main concern.

We are worried about San Francisco, but then we go to the movie theater on the corner and see a Wild West film. There may be some little bit of California to see there - thievery in the Pacific or cut down one of those giant 1000-year old trees. Whatever. We are not going to this as a student of gangster-ology, but just to be entertained.

Tonight the king of Iraq gave us passports so we could visit you. Unfortunately, that was just a dream and he’s dead anyway and his resurrection is fairly unlikely.

Until we get the next illustrated news, we will get some news without pictures and I am looking forward to that. You haven’t gotten any letters for a while? He, Hi-Hu-Honey-Harry-Bubi, I am writing until my fingers fall off. Do let us know what letters you have received and I will let you know how many letters I have. You won’t have much of that but to the extent that there’s anything interesting to say I will repeat what I said.

My beloved sugar baby, let your heart’s desire guess what you want and give up your philosophizing. It will just give you a bald spot, just ask Paul. No sense in asking Papa about that, because he’s the ultimate anti-writer. However, he is always on the lookout for the mail carrier so that he can get hold of your letters first.

Long final kiss (buuuuuuuuuuuu…ssi),

Mutti


First of all, notice how this letter is virtually illegible – the paper is thin and delicate. Helene has typed on both sides of the page with no paragraph breaks to save on postage.

Harry would periodically send “illustrated letters” to the family. He was a talented cartoonist, able to give a sense of a person or place in just a few pen strokes. Unfortunately, we only have a single example of one of these letters which he sent from Istanbul in 1939 — we will see it later in the year. I wonder whether some of them didn’t survive the censors which meant that fewer of his letters arrived in Vienna, while many more arrived from Eva. On the other hand, Eva was by far the more reliable correspondent.

In a letter filled with affection and humor, Helene still conveys her and Vitali’s discomfort - the lack and quality of food (Hilda’s dog Mouffle eats better) and the cold (the trees are still bare and she’s wearing two pairs of stockings).

It’s interesting to see what they learned of California – mostly through westerns and newsreels. I wonder what news they heard that made her anxious about San Francisco?

My husband mentioned to me recently that he was surprised that by the absence of Vitali in the many letters we have. Although Helene mentions Vitali often, it is extremely rare to see his writing. Today we have our answer — Vitali was a poor correspondent. He could be relied upon to mail and fetch letters, but he left the writing to his wife.

March 7

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

Today letter is from Helene to her nephew Robert in England. It was mostly written in English. The translated German passages are in Italic.

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Istanbul, 7 March 46

Dear Robert, My Heaven sent boy! Without you I should be always waiting for letters still, and for some dear loving words. In the meantime, I received plenty of letters from Eva and her husband (he seems to be a nice fellow) and Harry enclosed four always-short letters which proved me that they innermost have not changed. Outside, of course, Harry appears nearly unrecognizable, but not to me. From the flapper Eva became a young woman, her face has not altered.

You wrote me in your last letter: “There is no going back to the past for all of us.” Yes, Robert, I am sorry because there is no road back. Then you continued: “But your children are real. They may have changed - it would be unthinkable that they hadn’t. But that doesn’t offset your relationship. They would have changed in normal times too because they are grown up, and now live their independent life. Is that not right and good so?” Yes, Robert! It is right and good so. Thousand times yes!  

Robert, I can’t remember what I have written to you, but from your letters I can see that I must have been crazy. There is a Russian proverb: Look before you leap, and then don’t leap! I will make a variation of it. Think before you write, and then, don’t write! Had I had an idea of it, that you will send my letters which seem to me now to have shown the symptoms of madness I had not sent them away. Dear Robert, don’t mistake me. It is not in the least a reproach, and I didn’t consider it as an indiscretion. I only wouldn’t worry them. Mothers in their love are sometimes egotistical. I rewarded your gentleness, your sympathy, and your affection badly by pouring out all my trouble and cares on you. This letter you can show them; they ought to have knowledge what a beastly mother they have.  

There is one excuse for my hoggish behavior. In Vienna Paul was my - I use an expression by Galsworthy - business-nurse. To play the role of a father confessor, he had seldom time for me. There were too many “brothers and sisters.” Since your last stay in Vienna I found out that we have similar related souls and I mean related not in the sense of family or relationship but more of the “elective affinities” [Die Wahlverwandtschaften – a novel by Goethe].

A little scene. You took me out with your car. You, Paul and I had coffee and cakes in a little inn. Before we reached this “Jause Station” [a cafe], you stopped your car when you have seen in a meadow primroses, the first of the year; you gathered them while Paul and I remained in the auto. I watched you and said to Paul: “Look now, Robert has just the same expression on his face as he had as a little boy with (always, please tell it to Hilda) short hair and a straw hat which was like a halo on his head! You gave me this nice looking nosegay and I was very pleased with it, more as by the thought than one from a flower shop. The innkeeper, an old, fine lady, told us how she came to this little coffeehouse, etc, etc, and when we said adieu, she said: “the lean gentleman is your husband, is he not? One can see it immediately because he is so careful.” There were no time and no reason to correct her mistake. I left this little coffeehouse (in English, I know it; but for that term there is no synonym) amused, and flattered of course.

The next day you made another trip in the Vienna Woods in another company. When you came to have dinner with us, you brought me, wrapped in a doe skin, the first violets. That was so nice Robert, so very, very nice of you. The doe skin I stored away, hoping to give it back to you. It is gone with all our things, but not the recollection of how I happened to keep your doe skin. It is unbelievable what little events are stored away in our brains and how dear those little intermezzi can be.

Before I fell in the melancholy way, I lived more in the present and in the future, and here I seek refuge in the past. On the delay of my departure I am not quite without guilt. Had I written to you about the money affair, things would have been altered. But I didn’t know in which pecuniary condition Eva and her husband are living, I know Harry a soldier. Before the Joint Association asked for the money, every delay seemed to me a new punishment, but I comforted myself saying: The only good thing in this bad job is that the children have not to pay for my passage. My wits began to turn once I knew they have to pay for it, and I stayed here so long I can say Lugsi [?] voluntarily.

Robert, you mentioned in your last letter that I told you that I am reading Shakespeare, but I hope you will not have expected letters in Shakespearean style. I am glad to receive letters in the English language. It enlarges my knowledge of it and compels me to think in this language. Reading letters is so much easier and more agreeable. I am astonished that you write German correctly still, while my children obviously have forgotten a great deal.

Enclosed is a letter to Paul. You will be astonished about that. But I will explain it to you. Today is Thursday, and generally two ladies from the Jewish society come to pay us a visit, distributing cakes and asking for letters which they mail for us. Therefore perhaps you have received some letters with an unknown sender. Apart from this I don’t know Paul’s address. By all means it would be more plain to attach this letter to one to Eva or Harry, but I sent both of the two a letter this week and I must not spoil them.

Robert, you made excuses in your last letter for your acting like a school master. No reason! After reading Harry’s letters I know I deserve much more to be told off than you. You are right if you blame me. Robert, if I am in San Francisco and I am so happy that you will come there too, I will make a thick line under the chapter Kassel - Istanbul insomuch it is concerning my person, of course not for Vitali, the only grief since I know Harry is out of danger. I am so happy about that and that Eva has found a nice husband is a great satisfaction to me.

In your last letter, you told me I will make friends in USA. I don’t believe so. I will find kindliness, compassion, that is what I fear. Did I mention it because you wrote: “I want you to understand it would be wrong to refuse kindness wherever it is given.” Robert, will you be my tutor and advise me to deal with people? I am not afraid with the children. We taught them to enjoy merriments. I am so sorry about Nathan with respect to Hilda. She is such a darling. There is a great comfort she knows how and when he died. Most of the European widows don’t know it. Perhaps you will have trouble to understand my English, the next letter I will write in German again. Please Robert now, where air mail is possible, write me very often and soon. It is so fine to receive letters in a really and mentally seclusion. One fact I must state, I endeavored to try to be balanced. I don’t know if I have been successful. However sometimes, long, long ago, I succeeded in by using a kind of gallows humor by getting myself in a better mood, but long distance, it is somewhat difficult.

I make myself reproaches, that my letters to you had a bad influence on your humor and I committed a crime to impose upon you. Please Robert, take care of you, we will cause each other as few griefs as possible.

Your Helen
Farewell and don’t be angry with me.

...loving
Yours Helen 

The sentence was not crossed out by any censorship agency, but rather I did that myself because I myself absolutely couldn’t understand what I wanted to say when I read over the letter to try to correct a few mistakes.

There is so many room to fill up with nice things to tell you and I have so much in store for you. Especially for you because you were also so many years so very alone [the mother of all German words for ‘loneliness’] Now I am thinking not on England, I thought on Brüx after the death of Kätelein. I am and I was always more thinking about you than you perhaps imagine. To be true to my principles is not to bestow anything/something to the post office, especially the Turkish. I send you so many kisses as there is room and more still

Your Helen

Airmail postage is very expensive and it is very uneconomical to leave white space. Instead of tell you off when I see you I will give you a long, big kiss on your snout. Hilda would be upset about such an unladylike expression. To her must I say: Have you expected to receive a lady? The Kazet [concentration camp] is not a girls high school. The way the female guards have spoken to us would have caused soldiers to blush.


One thing that has become clear is how proud and independent she was. In many respects, that is a great thing. However, her letters show us she was uncomfortable asking for financial assistance from family members, which may have prevented her and Vitali’s safe passage from Vienna before it was too late. In this letter too, she is sorry she hadn’t asked for monetary assistance earlier, assuming that the bureaucracy of the Joint would provide the assistance she needed.

You can see that Helene made a point of filling every inch of space on the paper, commenting on the cost of postage and the desire not to waste a penny. She made sure to include many loving signatures and endearments, not wanting to let go of this connection to her past, present, and hopefully future.

I continue to be amazed at how much was shared across the oceans. Letters traveled from Istanbul to London to San Francisco so that everyone knew what was happening with their loved ones abroad. This turned out to be a happy practice for me, since I would not have this letter otherwise.

Despite all that Helene has been through, she still has great empathy for others. She feels that she and Robert are kindred spirits. She lovingly recalls things that Robert did as a child and young adult. She grieves with his many losses and current solitude: his half-sister Käthe died in 1918 at the age of 14 and Robert lost his own mother before he was three and his step-mother/aunt when he was 10.

March 6

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

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Nr 79                           Vienna, 6 March 1941

My dear, dear children! It’s a rainy day without mail. I’m done with my work for the day and I don’t know any better way to end the day than to have a conversation with you. It’s not easy because between yesterday and today nothing important has happened here and I’m not really in the mood for a chat.

Oh well, the sheet of paper must be filled no matter how much certain ill-treated types resist this. I also have to do a lot of things which I don’t like, or rather I can’t even do what I would like to do. I have often cursed the fact that I never really found time to read a book and if one was recommended to me, I was too tired to enjoy reading. Today everything is the reverse. If I take a book in my hand which was written before the war, I mean the war that we have now, I think “why how unworldly this is”. It is such a restructuring of values that has happened that you almost have to step out in order to keep pace with it. Young people of course don’t get as tired as older people, and training is paramount.

My favorite things to read are your letters. I never really read the kind of novel that appears in installments in a newspaper. I imagined my workload in advance. Now I am punished by this arrogance, because now I am waiting week by week for a continuation like the ladies who were subscribing to the Biela-Zeitung back in those days just couldn’t wait for Saturday in order to read the conclusion in the “sheet” (affectionate word for newspaper) [really, an insult]. They wanted to see if Knight Iwan and Ida sat holding hands. What are lion ballads [play on the name Löwy?] compared to this 75-stanza long murder tale which our girl would always start when there was at least six weeks worth of ironing to do? I could sit for hours in the warm kitchen with my doll in my arm and listen to them. To the credit of the Biela-Zeitung, I must say that those kinds of novels never appeared in it and just like yesterday old Ida the gossip [Helene’s older sister] who would walk with me ran after to ask to be told if the two in the story would get along or not. Did people have problems then? Was there really a time when a fruit seller really had nothing better to do than to imagine if she was going to get into a fight with her boyfriend or not?  Actually, not much has changed, just that nowadays you have to sit instead of making war [making a put with different meanings of krieg/kriegen] . When will the war end and when will the produce sales lady take an interest again in whether they are going to fight or not? Let’s hope for the best.

To thank Eva for her Boccaccio-esque hospital tales, I will tell some of my own. This is from my collection: “se non e vero, e trovato ben.” [if it’s not true, at least it’s a good story]. These are  quotes from people looking for apartments:

·      “I have been married for five months and my wife is in a blessed condition. I ask the housing office: does that have to be?”
·      “I and my wife are 12 people….”
·      “I can’t get rid of either the shed or my wife.”
·      “A man himself lives in 2 rooms along with his wife and can let her or them go.”

We will not be able to get news from Lizette about how things are until after the war ends. Do you have any mail from her? And when will Robert be with you?

These letters won’t go out until tomorrow. Maybe I can think of something else to tell you, so I’m saving a little room.

Many, many kisses
Helen

[Handwritten]
My dear cutie pies. So I didn’t save room for nothing. I can tell you that letter #5 has arrived (5 February 1941). I am glad that Everl is not in a relationship of affection with herself and she doesn’t regret when she has to work until 10:30. That’s a brave fellow, Everl! I’m glad you have the new racket. Harry-boy, is there no Dischendorfer in Frisko? If not, then I’m not coming. A pedicure is the last rudiment of a plutocratic way of life. Is that a bandage or a small ... the cause of the decoration on your toe? It may be something to take away your corns. The most unfortunate thing is your poor old Pegasus. He seems to be like an old horse-shoer (farrier). Out of love for him, you must keep a lookout for someone to replace Dischendorfer.

Kiss, that’s all
Helen


I love how Helene can make even the lack of mail interesting. In this letter, she takes us back to her childhood in Bilin in Bohemia. She acknowledges her snobbish attitude toward popular serialized literature, telling her children that she’s now having her comeuppance as she waits with bated breath for each new missive from them. She assures us however that her father’s newspaper, the Biela-Zeitung, didn’t publish that kind of lowbrow literature.

I don’t know whether Helene refers to a specific story when she mentions Knight Iwan. If so, my guess would be that she chose that tale because his beloved had the same name as Helene’s sister – Ida. In many of her stories, Helene describes Ida as a bit of a tyrant, taking life very seriously and never letting her baby sister do what she wanted. Helene describes her revenge in a companion letter she wrote to her nephew Paul which was sent in the same envelope as today’s post. That letter is excerpted in an earlier blog post where she relates the story of how she tricked her sister into believing that she’d taught young Paul how to read.

I was unable to determine who or what Dischendorfer was. Perhaps a pharmacist or chemist? Also, I wonder whether the quotes from apartment hunters were true or quoted from a humorous article.

Despite the light tone, we learn one very disturbing piece of news — that Helene and Vitali are no longer able to communicate with Lizette and his other relatives in Istanbul.

March 5

In addition to the letter we see today, I posted earlier about a letter Helene wrote on March 5, 1941 relating a lovely memory about playing a “Name That Tune” type game with her children. In that same letter she explains that they cannot send the Gablonz pieces they described in the letter posted on March 3. In today’s letter from March 4 and 5, 1940 we learn of another game they played.

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Vienna, 4 March 1940

My beloved children!

The next premiere in the Burgtheater is something entitled “136 Days” because that’s how long Harry’s letter of 21 October took to get here. Even though it was really late we were really happy to get it because we found out more details about your trip and the impressions you’ve had and how you were received. We are doing much the same as you are: we live with you and among you in our thoughts so we often find in your letters the proof of the way we’ve been feeling. It’s been 5 months since we took you to the train station and it’s unbelievable how fast time has passed although there’s days that never seem to end. Especially those when my imagination leads me somewhere. Yesterday was pretty much a day like that. I could have sworn we would be getting letters. I might have gotten it yesterday if it hadn’t been Sunday. We spent the day with a game that was the latest things a couple of years ago. This very successful game was invented by Harry L Lowell and it goes like this: You hide something behind your back and say “What do I have in my hand?” And you say “Retina 2” and you do this until it drives the other person crazy. Papa played this yesterday and as often as I thought I’d guessed it, he said “no”. This is the way we spend an English Sunday as at a church festival. I am curious which crazy ideas we’re going to end up with next Sunday.

5 March 1940

Harry just got an order to appear today at 11 at Seitenstettengasse 2-4, Room 27. It will be noticeable if he does not show up. After I told you of the experience of the day, waiting for the mail wasn’t really worth it. So I will not take my anger out on you. The sun is shining and I will take care of some various details because I can imagine we shouldn’t let sunny days go unused. So that’s the end of my 19th Clipper letter. Will have more next time.

10000000000000000000000000 Kisses,
Helene


Helene refers to a letter they just received that Harry had written on October 21, just 6 days after Eva and Harry’s arrival in the U.S. They probably wrote about visiting both the 1939 NY world’s fair and the Golden Gate International Exposition on Treasure Island. Imagine being introduced to life in America that way!

Here are photos of souvenir coins Harry saved from those visits:

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 Here are photos Harry took from the ferry to Treasure Island and of acrobats at the fair:

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Although I don’t have a copy of the letters Eva and Harry wrote to Helene and Vitali, I have one that Eva wrote to Paul Zerzawy while he was in New York telling him about their safe arrival in San Francisco. He met them upon arrival in New York and made sure they got on a train. An earlier post includes excerpts of this letter with Eva’s first impressions of San Francisco.

March 4

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

This long letter to Harry was written over the course of two days. Words in italics were written in English in the original letter.

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                                                                        Istanbul, 3 March 46

My dear, dear He-Hi-Ho-Hu-Harry,

I am so happy, so unspeakably happy to get mail from you and to know what one lives for. My happiness laughs out of your eyes. Everl’s face hasn’t changed as much as my piano-dissecting, washhouse-key-destroying, tooth-knocking-outing, not-wanting-to-learn-anything useless rascal, Harry. For the sake of the great services he has shown the U.S.A., I will forgive him for all this.

From Ebi, I got one of her patented telegram letters two days ago and she hid from me what her photo revealed, that she will need me soon. How vain mothers are, even when they think they’re being clever.

People have mothers or they don’t, but they’re not really necessary now in the time of the atom bomb. It’s no longer the modern style to write long letters I know, but I am not going to follow this trend any more than I did those of wearing yellow-orange lipstick or vermillion nail polish - I didn’t do that either. My son-in-law I am sure I will like very much. Here I sometimes see American newspapers with the picture section. What is wrong on it? The happy Goldsmith family photo is incorrect – it says that he drinks and she doesn’t. (I am upset about it.) And that she smokes and he does not. (I am even more upsetter)

Harry, what you all suspected is right. In this I recognize that you are more the children of your father than mine. You are very intelligent, but in one point you lack Vitali’s spirit. Letters which cannot be delivered remain at the main post office for three months before they are sent back. In case there is a demand, your letters would have been presented in a packet. Doesn’t matter! As long as we were together, I never thought that I could become old. I thought that I would always remain young with you, always understand your tricks and jokes. Papa’s sparkling temperament contributed a lot to that. I believed that nature would forget to have me get old. Sometimes in the autumn when November storms caused the leaves overnight from the trees on the Ringstrasse to fall, I sometimes saw one or two trees that still had their green leaves and it looked as if they were strong enough to weather the winter storms. But that was just the appearance of it. A few days later they were just as bald as all the other ones. I lost my green leaves and I am so glad that you still love the Helen-tree that has lost its leaves. Inside I am not really that old; and if you want to decorate me like a Christmas tree, nobody will see on me what kind of storms I survived on the Lüneburg Heath [where Germany surrendered May 4 1945, a three-hour drive from Ravensbrück] and on the Sea of Marmara [Istanbul].

Now, however, let’s get to the matter at hand. Every month transports leave here directly to America. Of course, soldiers are taken first. Some ships have a policy of not taking women on board. Thousands of students are also waiting for a spot on a ship. I don’t dare think about the possibility of flying. Everl thought I wouldn’t want to fly. Really? Didn’t I go through training for that with you on the Hochschaubahn [roller coaster in Vienna’s Prater]? I would, if I had to, dare to take this trip in a herring barrel. A good thing that came out of the “University of Nazi Germany” is this: Nobody is afraid, nobody who survived it knows fear. The only fear is fear of yourself, in other words, the fear of fear. It is as if someone who suffers from insomnia is tired and sleepy, lays down and the fear of not falling asleep means that he does not fall asleep. You advised me to go to the American Consulate and the Vice Consul is a “charming” person and he showed me the same consideration that you were shown at the Vienna Consulate back then. I was armed with your letters and at your advice, I will ask Yomtov to accompany me to the consulate. If the result is negative, I will send you a telegram with the request to contact the General Consul about the matter by telegraph.

I will, as Papa would say, take the matter into my own hands. Up until now I had to let the Joint Committee take care of it. But I believe, little Harry, that Yomtov and I will manage to take care of this. As I said, if not, we will send a telegram.  

Since November I have been in touch with Robert. You cannot imagine how much moral support he has been for me. His dear devotion really gave me some courage. From March to November I got, other than 2 telegrams from Everl, no mail. Thank God that this bad time is over, and I hope I will soon find out from the Red Cross where Papa is living.  

I was shocked by the death of Nathan. Poor, poor Hilda! I have not had the courage to send my condolences to her by letter. I wrote her several times, I also wrote to Bertha and Tillie.

Also, in Vitali’s family there have been some accidents in the last two years. As his youngest sister was visiting F, she suddenly, without any indication that she’d been ill, died. A brother-in-law of Ida Cohen jumped off the tram and ended up under a car and he was fatally injured. The daughter of Onkel Bondi got married when she was 17 years old. She was supposed to be a real beauty, and this is why she could marry without money. You know that this is only possible once every four years on a leap year. At age 18, she had the first baby, which was 9 months old in August. A second was on the way and the mother-in-law forced her to do something about it. She obeyed. 24 hours later, she was dead. Vitali’s brother is crushed. I did not know this niece, but I was also very concerned. I heard that there might be legal repercussions.

In the first months that I spent in Moda, I got quite a few visitors. But then I lived in Burgaz and then in Balat, both places which are hard to get to. When someone wanted to visit me, I was usually somewhere else, and I could hardly blame anybody if they don’t have a taste for this hide and go seek game. — Tomorrow, Monday, I will sneak out to Stamboul. I will see if I can get away with it. While I am writing to you, I am looking every now and then at your pictures. Is the young lady really my Everl, and isn’t she ashamed to be in such an intimate position with a man I do not know? And is the handsome young man who looks like a well-paid film star really my product? What is Paul doing? Why doesn’t he let himself be heard from? What is new with the Zentners and the Schillers? I am asking too many questions now all of a sudden, but you had a long quiet period from me, so I won’t even excuse myself for doing this. I greet all. Please say hello to everyone from me, including Robert, and tell him how much I thank him.

Harry, I hope the sky doesn’t fall which would rob me of my great fortune of being with you again.

I kiss you
Helen

                        4. March 46

My dear little boy,

I read through what I wrote yesterday and I find that I didn’t go into enough detail about the most important points. Enclosed is a copy of a letter to the consulate. You see that I have made mention of the fact that you are or were a soldier. I don’t know if it was September or October. I think in October I got a letter from the San Francisco Committee for Service to Emigrées with a notification that my affidavit was dispatched on the 23rd of July and that I should get in touch with the consulate immediately. That happened after various reminder letters sent on my part and by the 15th of November, 1945, my papers were in order. At the beginning of November, we refugees moved from Moda to Antigoni. Our situation in life became much worse, and because of the worsening of our situation, the painful aftermath of the Kazet [aka KZ – the German word for concentration camp], and the constant worry about Papa, and of course about you, made it possible for me to go to Balat to a Jewish hospital for the poor. The only way you could survive that is with humor and iron will power. I recovered quickly and I would have been able to leave 14 days later, but the boss of the committee to stay as long as I could until they could find a better shelter for me. My living costs would be covered by the Joint until my entrance into the hospital. Because of this, I was assigned not to Joint but to the Cultus [sp?] community as their responsibility. Since I wasn’t costing Joint any money, it wasn’t important for the men here to worry about my case. They just forgot about me. On the 2nd January 1946, I left the hospital. All papers and my exit visa were ready. Suddenly, they got the idea to ask specifically of me money for the passage. I can’t really speak about it the way I would want to yet, but the men of the committee know what I think about this. Now that I know that you children are standing by me, I am regaining my courage. You wrote that I would be able to see from the affidavit that Eva works as a Nurse-Secretary. I have not seen the affidavit yet. The American substitute for a passport and the affidavit will be issued to me, but not until they tell me which ship I will be taking. At the consulate they told us that the Joint is getting the ship seats. Joint told me that the consulate would be dealing with the seats that are free first. Isn’t that cute? Isn't that right? The actual value of the consulate in Vienna - I found out about that when I was on the Drottninghölm where I had the time and opportunity to do some studies. I have to go. I want to go to Stambul, that is Pera, to the Consulate.

Kisses
Mutti


At first, I wasn’t going to comment on this letter because it’s so rich and can stand on its own. As I thought about how much information and feeling is packed into a few pages, I wanted to pause and appreciate.

Helene refers to photos of her children and how much Harry in particular has changed. He was just 15 when Helene had last seen him in 1939, and by 1946 he would have been 22. Eva was already 18 when she left, so was far more recognizable almost seven years later.

Below are photos of Harry and Eva – their Turkish passport photos from early 1939, one of Harry on the ship to the U.S. in October 1939, and one as a soldier in the 1940s with “laughing eyes”. I imagine this the photo of Eva and her husband Ludwig that Helene mentions – she holding a cigarette and he a glass. It’s possible that she was pregnant – Helene certainly thinks so. Eva suffered several miscarriages before I came along.

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I imagine that Helene is referring to the photo of Eva and her husband Ludwig below – Eva holding a cigarette and her husband is holding a glass. It’s possible that she was pregnant – Helene certainly thinks so. Unfortunately, over many years Eva suffered several miscarriages before finally successfully having a child (me).

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Looking at the letter from the beginning we learn something new every few sentences – the letter has few paragraph breaks – I have added them for clarity.

We learn that:

·      In the second sentence, Helene summarizes Harry’s childhood antics in just a few words – my mother and Harry often joked about his dismantling the piano when he was a child. Of course, he was not able to put it back together so it ended up being an expensive experiment! Perhaps Harry is playing on the same piano in the photo below:

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·      Although Eva wrote to her mother about her marriage and sent a photo, she provided very little information about Helene’s new son-in-law.

·      Helene sent many letters to her children but didn’t have the correct addresses for them so were not delivered (and eventually returned?). She bemoans that her children did not think to go to the post office to see if anything was waiting for them – Vitali would have done so. At least in the Vienna of her memory, mail got to its recipient even when the address was mysterious. This must have been awful for Helene who was finally “free” in Istanbul and able to write to her family, yet heard nothing from anyone but her nephew Robert in England.

·      After all she has been through at the hands of the Nazis and in Istanbul, Helene has aged and no longer looks or feels as young as she once was. In Vienna, being a mother and married to charming Vitali who always kept her spirits up, she was able to feel that time stood still.

·      The logistics and challenges of getting to America – Helene is willing to do whatever it takes to finally be reunited with her children.

·      There have been many family tragedies, including the death of Hilda’s husband and deaths of several members of Vitali’s family. We see the effects of abortion when one of Vitali’s nieces was “forced to do something about” a pregnancy. Interesting to see abortion discussed in a letter – it was such a taboo subject when I was growing up that I couldn’t imagine someone writing about it. Was Helene more willing to talk about difficult things, especially after all she’d been through? Was it the result of her being the daughter of a journalist who sought to tell the truth or the fact that she and her husband were valued freedom of thought and lived a bohemian lifestyle? Interesting that Helene was Bohemian in both senses of the word – someone from Bohemia and someone who lived an unconventional lifestyle compared to those of her neighbors.

·      Helene has little freedom in Istanbul and must “sneak out” to take care of business. Because she has been moved several times in Istanbul, relatives cannot find her to provide company and support.

·      Helene had been in contact with a Jewish organization in San Francisco.

·      After all she’d been through, Helene suffered what would have been called a “nervous breakdown” and was hospitalized for a few weeks. The Joint, the Jewish organization that had been supporting her stay in Istanbul, encouraged her to stay longer so that they would not have to pay for her lodging. She finds herself yet another kind of prisoner. For someone who had led an independent life and supported herself since she was 16 years old, these past years of powerlessness, loss, and endless bureaucracy must have been unbearable. Every time she thought she’d overcome a hurdle, another higher one was placed in front of her.