February 20

Link to Family Tree to understand family relationships.

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Nr 75                          Vienna, 21 February 1941

My dear children! I am sorry to have caused you dark hours by my telegram and you may believe me that I did hesitate about this quite a long time, maybe too long. For the moment I only need to know that my telegram did arrive and it would not surprise me in these agitated times if it had not arrived. Papa wanted to send the following cable to Oncle Isaac, but it was not sent because transmission for private use is closed off right now: Urgentez accellerez intervenez reglement Beyanname reussissez avisez [in French and Turkish: “urgently speed up your interventions Affidavit advise of success”]. Since we do not know Yomtov’s address, please telegraph this information to him so that if we do get an affidavit we will have everything in order. So that would be all I have say on this subject.

Yesterday a letter came from Bertha Schiller from the 21st of January. I was almost happy to see that the answer to one of my letters must have been lost - I have this fixed idea that Bertha must have something against me but this letter fills me with satisfaction that she did in fact answer me. The tone of her letters is really not the same tone that she used to take with me. The clever deception that age makes people more weary and indifferent really can’t apply to her because Bertha really is not that old. Certainly not old enough to be so resigned. George’s illness must have taken a lot out of her, but I understand from all reports from everyone else that he seems to be doing pretty well. I know only too well where the wind blows, but I ask you not to worry about it. I will have a talk with this wind when we are so fortunate to be reunited with you.

Robert’s arrival is something you seem to be expecting pretty soon as I could read in Bertha’s letter. We are happy and hope that we will get some positive news about that in the next letters. 

Everl’s hospital work seems to be mentioned as very praiseworthy and this certainly makes me proud. Just keep it up. Letter #1 has not come yet and that’s unfortunate. #2 from January 14 is the only letter that we have from you.

That’s all for today. We are doing well with our health. As the days grow longer, also our hope to see you again soon grows. I am going to write to Bertha next and to the Zentners as well. I do want to say a few words to Hilda today as well. Greet Paul and all those I mention above from me and hugs from

Helen

This letter continues the story of the last few days. Helene and Vitali realize that their window of opportunity to leave Vienna may be closing quicker than they anticipated. They have been packed and ready to go for months, yet have not been able to get all the details in order. Vitali has been running from consulate to post office to telegraph office, trying to understand and obtain what they need.

Eva and Harry never told my cousins and me much about this time. I had always wondered why their parents hadn’t followed them to the U.S. and had harbored ill will toward the relatives who did not seem to help. After Roslyn translated letters from 1940-1941, I suddenly had a completely different view of that time. Relatives in California and Istanbul were (perhaps reluctantly) willing to help but Helene had been too proud to ask for any more assistance than she’d already gotten to secure her children’s safety. It was only when she realized that times had become desperate that she asked for assistance. And unfortunately by then it was too late. One question from a recent letter gets answered by inference: Onkel Isaac must have been a relative of Vitali’s in Turkey - the unsent telegram uses the Turkish word for “affidavit”. Yomtov is another relative in Turkey - we’ve seen letters from him in January when he was trying to help Helene come to the U.S. after being released from Ravensbrück and sent to Istanbul at the end of the war.

We see that Paul Zerzawy’s brother Robert had been trying to emigrate to the U.S. from England. I don’t know what prevented him from doing so. All we know is that he visited California once after the war, but spent the rest of his life in London. What a different life they would have had if their efforts had been successful – Helene and Vitali being reunited with their children, as well as Helene’s nephews Paul and Robert being nearby.

February 15

On Being Fatalistic

With no letter dated today or tomorrow, we turn to Helene’s memoirs (slightly edited for clarity). In honor of Valentine’s Day yesterday, the stories concern Helene’s and her mother’s romantic lives.

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 On Being Fatalistic.

Before my fate was linked with that of Vitali, I was fatalistic. Uncountable times I observed that I glaubte zu schieben und bin geschoben worden [I believed I was pushing and I was pushed]. By whom? Call it superstition, but I have reliance on my fate, which sometimes prevented me from doing something I thought very reasonable. Afterwards I found out that it would have been a failure, but more often I was forced to do something; I struggled but this gewisse etwas [certain something] prevailed. Reluctantly I gave in, and I never regretted it, although I acted against my “better judgment” as I put it to myself, only to learn after that it was all right. Several times it happened to me that I came to a decision. I thought over and over again, and when it came to the point to act, I just did the contrary – something interfered, prompted me to do or say something – it was surprising.

My encounter with Vitali is a proof to me that there is no such thing like a blind game of chance. Vitali came from Constantinople for one week or so and remained for good. Veni vidi vici? No. I saw that he was in a higher strata than I, I liked his bearing, his self-assuredness without being arrogant, I liked him, found him good-looking, amiable, interesting and God-knows-what-else, but when he asked me to marry him, I refused, knowing that one day I would give in. Vitali was not obtrusive, but he chased away all my boyfriends I liked so much. They felt his superiority, and retired, which made me no more friendly towards Vitali, but he pretended not to see it.

Our spiritual compatibility was astonishing, the more, as we in daily life affairs were often of contrary opinion, and struggled. Vitali liked to belittle me sometimes out of pure opposition, but when I sometimes said: I have to do this or that, he gave me an understanding look and asked me: what is the matter, what did you dream of?

Vitali was in business-affairs more often a hindrance than help, but he never would allow anybody to think so, therefore he minimized my success in business, and was jealous. Jealousy was his main-strain and that I could not stand. I had been independent for 20 years, and that is deep water. When after a serious sickness everything in our business went topsy-turvy, I experienced that my Deus ex machina, as Vitali expressed it, had not forgotten me, only that he came always at the very last moment, just when my desperation reached its climax.  Anytime I was nonplussed, Vitali was not – he took it for granted.

Once, shortly after we had to separate from our children, we went to a show. I forgot the name. It was the story of a couple, separated by force in different ages. The features of this couple had changed only little: changed only was the apparel, the circumstances, but not their fate, always they were separated, to find themselves together after centuries, and on different continents. When we left, we didn’t talk. All of a sudden V. took my hand and squeezed it. I tried to be cheerful when I said: “Vitali, did this actor imitate you or have you seen this picture before and you imitate him?” (Vitali’s carriage was characteristic for him, I observed the same bearing among some men in Florence, every inch a Renaissance-Prince) Vitali didn't answer this question, only said seriously: “It wasn’t the first time chérie we met each other, and it will not be the last.”

When traveling on the Drottningholm [the ship that took Helene to Istanbul in 1945 after being part of a prisoner trade and being released from Ravensbrück] I took a book at random, there were not too many. It was: I Met a Gypsy, by Norah Lofts. This book excited me immensely. This book harps on the same subject. When I came here, I asked several people if they can remember that a picture was made from this book, nobody could.

I am a believer in the immortality of souls.

This story was included in one of the binders filled with Helene’s childhood memoirs. All of the other stories in this binder are about her youth, are double-spaced and go on for many pages – very different from this single-spaced stand-alone sheet. It is much more personal and romantic. When I came across this story, it was the first window I had into Helene’s and Vitali’s relationship. We see that Helene felt that they were soulmates, despite differences in style and a tendency for Vitali to criticize or belittle her. A few of her other stories give examples of this less-than-charming side of her extremely charming husband. She put up with his behavior because there was so much more she saw in him.

After reading this, I tracked down a copy of I Met a Gypsy by Norah Lofts. It was a fun read and I was happy to read something I knew my grandmother had read, but it seemed a stretch to connect it to Helene’s experience. The book is a series of short stories about the descendants of a gypsy, and takes place over centuries, continents, and generations. Although one or two of the stories were made into films, the earliest was made in 1947, long after any film Helene and Vitali would have seen in Vienna in 1939 or 1940.

For someone who was not religious, being a fatalist must have made a lot of sense. How else to understand the course of one’s life? Why do some people survive and others not? Helene’s mother had had 13 or 14 pregnancies, 7 children survived into childhood. By 1910 at the age of 24, Helene’s only surviving sibling was her brother Max. By 1918, three of her sisters’ five children with Julius Zerzawy had died, leaving only her nephews Paul and Robert surviving past age 20. Helene was not harmed by the 1889 flu pandemic (see blog posts from January 16 and 17) and TB, while many others around her did not.

My mother and Harry both called themselves “fatalists”. I thought it was something unique to them, based on the circumstances of their childhood and separation from and loss of their parents. Here we discover that they learned to think of themselves as fatalists from their parents. As so often has happened on this journey, I am reminded how attitudes and opinions are handed down over generations – often unspoken or unconsciously. There is nothing new under the sun.

I would like to think that Helene and Vitali will meet again.

February 14

Here is letter #73 – the letter that followed the letters numbered 72 that we saw over the past week. I have added a few paragraph breaks to make it easier to read.

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Vienna, 14 February 1941 

My dear children, when I woke up this morning, I knew that mail from you would come. I quickly got dressed and cleaned up quickly and when I saw my neighbor across the way waving with his dusting cloth, my suspicion was confirmed - there’s an older gentleman living in the house across the way (an acquaintance of our neighbors). He came home with lighthearted steps. Aha. I think his son has written to him so I figure that I can also plan on getting letters.

I wanted to give you a lecture on the topic of “unnumbered” when your letter #2 came in. #1 is still wearing his cloak of invisibility but I hope he will make himself visible soon. In old Vienna, the unnumbered one was an expression of the highest elegance. Numbered were only one-horse carriages and cabs. It was considered very noble to take such a vehicle. But the trip with an unnumbered was the really fancy [~bees knees – literal translation: highest spinach]. The most stylish luxury limousine can’t even come close to this level of elegance which we experienced when riding in an unnumbered vehicle. The car exhaust smell and the awful honking of horns are the things that you experience when you take a luxury car or just like a truck. But the silently rolling wheels of a horse-drawn carriage do leave behind a different kind of smell with their road apples and that is different from the cow pats of an ox team. Maybe people’s opinions differ on this. To each his own. What is an owl to one is a nightingale to another.  

In brief, what applied to the coaches and landau carriages we had in those days does not apply to letters from overseas. The value of the letters is not increased for being unnumbered. You seem to simply ignore my questions about whether you got all the letters. That’s kind of astonishing to me. Harry does mention that he came home from school and got my birthday letter. (Which one? I wrote several. I figured that some would get there late and others wouldn’t get there at all). Between the last one that arrived and the one that Harry mentioned, there must have been at least 5 that went by the wayside or are still on their way. You will perhaps think in my old days that I have become rather pedantic. No. As I mentioned, and I don’t like to repeat myself, I could perhaps have told you in one of the other letters something that was very important for us. Since you two seem to just glance over my letters and the things that you don’t understand you just sort of go right past them. I turn a higher power today. Paul seems for such interests the most competent place to go. My chartered letters (Harry, where are your Turkish skills?) were not revealed by you. My gloomy prediction is that I want an affidavit, I need an affidavit, I must have an affidavit was ignored by you. Since I am now hollering it out to the whole world, you will hear and you will take an interest in that. Yesterday we found out that telegrams for a certain price may be sent to the USA by Hapag [a shipping company]. Papa went to the Kärntnerstrasse right away to check this out. For once, the information was correct but the people were standing in such a long line and Papa is no good for that and didn’t have time anyway. He brought me instead candies and cookies from Köberl und Pientok.

[a dream] Tonight I experienced a little bit of the USA. Papa and I were at a train station and wanted to take an express train. We noticed a well-dressed oversized man. He didn’t have any luggage, but a very noticeably small boy carried his little suitcase. Aha I thought, Americans love these contrasts. Although it was fairly warm, the man was wearing an Ulster overcoat which I noticed not so much for the fact that it was well tailored, it had a good cut, but because of the trim that it had. This contained the words of his company/firm ironed into the border: “National Taylor Typewriter Corporation” I read. “Original,” I thought. This business traveler and his boy with the little suitcase got into our compartment. The latter, the boy, only came in to carry the luggage which the giant could have picked up with his little finger. Although I knew that the boy was just for show, I did not like this man and I decided to never buy a Taylor Typewriter. I noticed that Papa had lost his overcoat. I announced this loss and when I was asked about the color, I asked the fellow to come with me. I explained to him that it was a coat quite a bit like what he was wearing, but just without any name on it. Our companion also thought so. We were in New York in a big Varieté on Broadway. Where we would normally see loges, there were berths or bunks and we could buy all sorts of things there. Every sales counter had bar stocks [?]. Drinks were served all over the place. Papa bought shoelaces and ordered a beer, but I wanted chocolate. However, I could only get that in the next room or next door. I was so fascinated by the choices that I had that when I was asked what I wanted, I couldn’t answer. I closed my eyes and asked “Which Swiss brands do you have?” Kohler” and “Tobler” answered the sales lady and she showed me some small packages. “Oh, those aren’t my favorites” I answered. “Do you have any larger packages? I’d like to buy 4kg.” The sales lady said to me: “You don’t seem to know how much that costs.” She turned the carton over and told me the price, which was $15 she said. I was feeling much better and decided to ask rather timidly for 10dkg of pralines but did not bother to ask where they came from. So that’s how little Moritz dreamed in America.

Note to Eva: Harry told me that you were writing down your hospital memoirs. I am delighted. I wanted to give you some advice when you told me about the eau de cologne episode. Why don’t you make some drawings in your diaries. Papa’s wishes about your patients I told you about in the last letter. He grinned when he heard about what you had planned. He was happy.

Note to Harry: Stalactites are dripstone formations and in fact they are the ones that come down from the top. They sort of form at the top and come downward. The ones which have formed from down to up are called stalagmites. The last letter was unusually short. Please make up for that.

Since I still want to write to Hilda, I need to close for today. I kiss you till I get a letter from you again.

Hmmmmmmm
Helen

Dear Hilda! I don’t know if the address from Paul is the same, he wrotes me in May, when you and Nathan were in Australia and he in your absence watches over Harry and your house. This, his last letter to me, except the few lines, he enclosed in your letters or the children ones. At all the respect you owe your teacher, you can washing his head. I don’t know the American expression for anyone to make reproaches. To give you another Musical Lesson I cannot risk, because this letter - I am sure - is censored by his Majesty, Master Paul. The mistakes, I am doing, he would excuse, not the nonsense I generally write. I am egoistical. I want something from him, therefore I must make him not angry.  

With many greetings to you and Nathan, I remain lovingly your affectionate

Helen


You can see in her note to Hilda at the end that Helene’s English is nowhere near as fluent as her letters written after the war. As I mentioned in an early post, I believe that she may have studied English while in Ravensbrück.

Helene’s crankiness from a few days earlier has not gone away. She scolds Harry for not being clear which of her letters he refers to. She emphasizes the importance of numbering letters by telling a story of transportation in old world Vienna. The guilt she lays on her children regarding their seeming disinterest in her letters feels very familiar to me – I understand now where my mother learned to communicate with me!

February 10

Elise Zerzawy was Paul’s step-mother. His father Julius’s was twice a widower, having married two of Helene’s older sisters. Julius married again in 1921 when Paul and his brother Robert were in their 20s. By then, three of their siblings had passed away and they were the only surviving children. Elise was a widow with at least one child of her own, Fritz Orlik. Elise was writing from Poděbrady which had been a spa town in the Central Bohemia, now the Czech Republic. Julius died in 1939. Fritz and his wife Hanne moved to Palestine in 1939. We saw a letter from Fritz on January 25.

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Poděbrady, 10 February 1940

Dear Paul!

Both of your cards are lying in front of me. The first one from September 26th 1939, the other from the 4th of November. The card I received today came by way of Prague and I do not want to lose any time to immediately give you some news. I answered the first card immediately by air mail, but meanwhile I have not received your answer. From Robert I know that you are in Frisco. It is a comfort for me to know that your relatives are helpful to you. Also, the climate there should be better for your health. I have good reports from Robert about his well-being. I am glad that Robert is seeking the opportunity to get together more often with Annie and Doris. Both girls for now are happy with their jobs. From Aunt Marie and Hila I received a letter a few days ago from Nervi [perhaps in Italy?]. Aunt knows already of the passing of dear Papa.—There is not much to say about us. We are healthy. In our life, nothing has changed. We get together more often with the Schauers. This is our only distraction/entertainment. I have not heard anything from Fritz and Hanne since November. I only know indirectly that they are still living with Fritz P [in Palestine] and from there are trying to eke out an existence. With the continuing influx of strangers, the fight for survival will be very difficult. Especially when there are only very modest means available. I can barely await the time when I know that all of you are at least halfway satisfied. – You will be happy I am sure that the Rosenbergers will come here despite the grim cold weather. They are coming for Yahrzeitstag to visit the grave [the anniversary of Julius Zerzawy’s death when in Jewish tradition the headstone will be placed]. Their son Paul has already landed in P [Palestine?]. – On Christmas, the Schauers were with us and a week later on the 2nd of January we were in Prague. Hopefully you will receive this card and I will be very happy if I receive a detailed letter soon. For today my heartfelt greetings.

Mama

To the unknown relatives, my best wishes. I should give you greetings from Marianne. She makes a lot of effort to make my life more pleasant to help me bear it better.

You can see that Elise has many of the same complaints we’ve heard from Helene: the dearth of mail and length of time it took for what mail there was to arrive, the bitter cold winter, the more confined nature of her life. On top of that, she was recently widowed and her son and step-sons were scattered across the globe and unable to be of comfort or assistance.

I only recently was able to get this card translated. Although it was written long after World War I, Elise writes in the old German script that few people can decipher nowadays. When I first found this letter, I didn’t actually know who Elise was. Fortunately, by the time Amei translated this letter, I understood where she fit in the family constellation.

Elise perished in Theresienstadt (Terezín).

February 8

Apparently Helene didn’t manage to send off the letters written on February 5 before receiving mail from her children. So she continued Clipper letter #72 with at least two more letters, one today and the last one which we will see tomorrow.

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Vienna, 7 February 1941

My dear children! I just wanted to give Papa my letters I wrote to you yesterday and the day before to mail when your letter which I “baptized” #16 arrived. So, you haven’t had any mail for a while either. There are no fewer than 13 letters on the way from me so you have to let me know without my repeated questions if you have received them painlessly, without a break in the letters. Harry’s letter is dated the 23rd, Eva’s the 31. …Eva maybe had his letter but she was so busy in the holidays that she didn’t have a chance to write to us till the 31st. She has tried to make this right by saying at the beginning of the letter that it’s the last one for this year. After she told us that she had to go to the dentist because of her wisdom teeth, she ended this short letter with a kiss which actually took up the entire second page. It seems like in a foreign country you’ve forgotten how to write your native language and you’ve also forgotten about your mother’s mentality that she cannot get enough details about your life. Harry’s ode to his beard I found very good. Yesterday I left the radio on while I was writing to you so I wouldn’t miss the evening news. Some Brunhilde sang Bei meines Speeres Spitze [on the tip of my spear]––Spitze? [tip?] echoed the orchestra. But I understood, Bei Harrys Bartes Spitzeln––Kitzeln [on the little tips of Harry's beard—they tickle. You see, I felt the verse arriving as Wenn Deine Freundinnen Dein Bart stört / nicht mich [If your beard bothers your girlfriends / it doesn’t bother me].* As far as I’m concerned, you don’t have to go to so much expense and trouble to shave - if you give me a kiss with a beard, that’s okay. If Everl spent more time writing to me rather than talking, she might not have had to go to the dentist. (Don’t worry child, I don’t have that much opportunity to chat and I’m also going to the dentist all the time.) The way to the dentist is sweetened by the fact that I can buy some sour pickles at NordSee on the way if I have enough time.

At the moment the sun is trying to get rid of our idyllic snow scene. Maybe the sun is jealous that we can tell so many stories about snow instead of caressing it. My hymn to the sun is older than Rimsky-Korsakov. In my letter yesterday, I wrote to you that the officers of the chamber of commerce and the tax office and all the rest who are around here were busy shoveling the snow and they were really doing that actively. The snow mountains in the streets are still intact right now and there’s no danger of avalanche. Our custodian in this building was wise and he is rather fastidious about things, so therefore he cleaned the snow off our building early in the morning and kept at it until the late afternoon so that nobody who passed by our house would be troubled when it starts to fall. You need not worry about bricks raining down upon you. In the next snow flurry I think we should have everybody help with the shoveling. Papa is looking all over the place, in every corner, for his long-sleeved mittens because they would come in handy. But he’s not finding them. The last time I took inventory I threw them away because I thought they were unnecessary. Of course, I am not going to tell him that and I am mouthing off that he’s so messy of course there’s no way he could find things. Of course, he has everything very well organized. Really, in his suitcase there is perfect cleanliness and he spends many hours cleaning up and sorting his collection of screws. He has crooked nails (those from iron I mean) and he straightens them out. Even if I laugh about this, I have to admit that I have found a use for quite a few nails that he has saved. However, I do hold to my principle that we should give away things we don’t need anymore. Some things if I don’t need anymore do come in handy for some other person. If not, then we put it in the Kolonia-Kübel [Austrian garbage can]. It is easier to find out what we obviously need when we don’t have so much baggage to carry around with us. My purse is the only place where I make some concessions on this. At this time my bag is a replacement for the family album and if I can’t sleep, then I look at the pictures.

I am happy about the news that Robert already has his visa. Hilda will not be disappointed. [in English:] He is also a Darling and told her, Vitali and I are such darlings too. Maybe this affirmation will bring us over a little bit more quickly. …. I am looking forward with great joy to your description of the Xmas party. Good bye.

Helen

* The line Helene imitates is Wer meines Speeres Spitze fürchtet / durchschreite das Feuer nie (Whoever fears the tip of my spear / shall never pass through the fire), from Wagner’s Die Walküre.

It sounds like her children as creative as their mother in their correspondence (Eva’s page long kisses, Harry’s poetry) but their mother was less grateful – wanting to hear every detail of their lives.

We learn from Helene’s funny story about Vitali’s gloves that they have been downsizing in preparation for moving to the U.S. This story also is a window into Harry and Eva’s tendency to save every little item in case it might come in handy some day. Finally, we learn that Paul’s brother Robert has gotten his visa to come to the U.S. I don’t know if he ever intended to move here, but aside from a visit or two in the 1940s, he lived in England for the rest of his life.

February 7

This letter to Helene in Vienna from her nephew Paul Zerzawy in San Francisco is apparently a copy of a note he added to a letter Eva wrote to her parents.

As I’ve mentioned in previous posts, finding Paul’s letters and papers tucked away in Harry’s closet have been invaluable. We see the immigrant experience from an adult’s point of view. Paul would have been 44 years old in February 1940. Although Paul was trained and worked as a lawyer in Vienna, he was not licensed in the U.S. Perhaps he didn’t feel his English was good enough to pursue a law career here, it cost too much to get licensed, or it did not seem possible to him to get work as an attorney. At any rate, he fell back on his musical talents and gave music lessons, taught at the Conservatory of Music, and accompanied singers, none of which were very lucrative. He does not include his address, adding his note to Eva’s, presumably since he felt he was living a nomadic existence. He had stayed with the relatives mentioned in his letter, but was working hard to get some independence, while needing to rely on them for meals to keep from going hungry.

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Address to Eva’s letter of February 7, 1940, sent on Feb. 8

Dear Helene, dear Vitali,

It probably serves no purpose to reassure you that your children are doing well.  It’s superfluous, actually.  The letters they write are the best proof that they lack nothing, except maybe to be reassured about how you are doing, and about your future.  The question is just if our letters do arrive.  We don’t yet have proof of this.  We did start writing, around the first of the year, airmail letters instead of the usual kind, since we gave up hope of the latter being delivered.  I’m doing well; I earn a little giving piano lessons and through other musical activities.  But I couldn’t live on this if I didn’t save money by being invited over for meals (by Nathan and Hilda and their friends, and by George and Bertha).  Anyway, I have been able to rent a furnished room, to the relief of the Schiller married couple, who are not so young anymore and not living so comfortably, and my own conscience is relieved, too.  The thing that bugs me the most is that it takes quite a bit of time to become independent here, let alone to help those of you still in Europe, a goal that I always have in mind.  I’ll write more soon.  (Since there is the danger that letters may not arrive, it seems prudent to send the news in multiple letters and to repeat it as well).  Greetings to our acquaintances and don’t give up, just keep writing!

Your P


One of my most treasured discoveries in Harry’s closet was a roll of negatives. When I pulled out the roll, I recognized one photo I had of my mother on the ship on the way to the U.S., but none of the other photos looked familiar. My guess is that Harry developed the film and sent most of the photos to their parents in Vienna to show that they were all right. The roll of film was a window into Harry and Eva’s first view of America. Below are two photos of Eva and Paul relaxing on hammocks, presumably at a relative’s house in Marin County. They are sitting opposite one another, side by side, companionably reading. This was probably taken in late 1939 or early 1940, when my mother was 18 and her cousin Paul was 44. These photos certainly would have put Helene’s mind at rest that her loved ones were fine.

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February 6

I love today’s 1941 letter from Helene to her son Harry in San Francisco, which was written a few days before the letters we saw yesterday. The beginning and ending are wonderful – a lavish, long, loving, lighthearted salutation and signing off with endless kisses. Her children could not have doubted her love, despite the miles between them.

I was struck by how visually appealing the letter is – although she used a typewriter, it’s laid out in an interesting way. Very different from the densely-packed letters we’ve seen with no white space or paragraph breaks. Here she puts to good use the lessons she learned as the daughter of a newspaper publisher.

Helene mentions how often she rereads the letters from her children, she no doubt knew most of them by heart. They are her greatest treasure. With little news of her own, she recalls events and conversations from when they were together in Vienna and throws in literary references. Although many references are classical and “serious,” she also enjoyed silly puns and verse.  

Finally, the silly verse she quotes is something from her own childhood in Bohemia. Eichler’s factory was located in Duchov/Dux which was just 6 miles from Bilin where my grandmother’s family lived.

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Vienna, 3 February 1940 [actually 1941]

My praiseworthy dear Son in the flesh!

Lacking many new letters, I kept myself happy by reading your old letters again and again and then I observed that there were some questions I had not answered. Because today as hard as I try, I have nothing to really tell you, I want to use time, paper and postage to atone for my old sins of omission. Since a certain Harry once asked me if he had spelled the word “guitar” correctly, and I didn’t know why he wanted to know it for this word in particular, I left this question unanswered back then. In your last letter, you both make excuses for your poor spelling. For me it really was not meant as a rebuke or reprimand. I really meant it seriously when I wrote “I hope that your English knowledge is gaining as much as your German is being lost.” When I have on occasion met Germans in the past who had spent a lot of time in other countries and during our conversation they were looking for German expressions, I thought it was some sort of affectation. I couldn’t believe that adults could forget their native language after some years. But it does seem to be the case.

The same Harry asked us if we had heard of an old English poet named Chaucer or read anything of his. Not in the least. The old English people also had much to say about heroes and bravery [Rather than quoting Chaucer, she includes a quote from Nibelungenlied, “The Song of the Nibelungs,” written around 1200 which was the source for Wagner’s “Ring”]. Since we now seem to have arrived at the topic of classical literature, I ask you not to be mad at me if I express my opinion that I prefer your prose to your verse. First, well perhaps I do not have sufficient “convolution of the brain” to understand, I prefer to read prose rather than poetry. Especially I am rather spoiled.

When I was a kid, I knew a “poet” who wrote the following:

“Oh how it sparkles and flashes,
When a rider is sitting on his horse.” 

You will have to admit that you could not keep up with this genius. A second poem of his was original and wouldn’t have been overtaken by any of its brothers.

I know of a letter, his name is “F”...
I know a beer, its name is “FF”
After Edward comes Josef*

The last line is incomprehensible without commentary. (You can hardly read difficult works without commentary.) My classic author was named Edward Eichler. He was not only a divinely gifted poet, which certainly these small excerpts will convince you of, but a very successful producer of pottery** [or poetry: ton = sound and clay]. His company was named Edward and Josef Eichler, Dux [Royal Dux pottery]. With these poems he wanted to make his brothers eternal I believe and he almost succeeded. Father had the pleasure and honor of publishing poems in his shining chamber pot. And other poetry as well. They sold like hot cakes. Now you will understand why your elegiac complaint - yes, the greatest geniuses only get the laurel wreath after their death - why this really doesn’t have the desired effect when I read it. Maybe it’s just that in our times instead of putting a spruce wreath on the temples of our poets and singers, I’d rather put an extra sausage.

This would be your reward if you had written those poems when you were still living here in Seidlgasse. 

That’s enough for today!

Kiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiisses…

Helene

*This poem is not just intelligent but it also has two meanings because Edward does come after Josef in the dictionary.

**Professor Freud is right about this. I thought about Tom the rhymer when I wrote the word “tom” instead of “ton”.

I looked through early editions of the Biela-Zeitung, but did not find any of Eichler’s poetry or ads for his pottery. I found an advertisement in the March 17, 1877 issue for a hotel and restaurant operated by the Eichler family. Edward Eichler’s name is mentioned in a news item in other issues. Presumably, the poetry and perhaps pottery showed up in later editions not available online. Here is the ad for Eichler’s inn, offering excellent beer, good cold cuisine, and prompt service: 

17 March 1877 issue, p.7 of Biela-Zeitung

17 March 1877 issue, p.7 of Biela-Zeitung

February 5

Today we have two lovely letters from Helene to her children. By February 5, 1941, Eva and Harry been separated from their parents and in San Francisco for over a year. In her letter to Harry, Helene gives a vivid description of the weather with just a hint of her feeling bereft of her children. She also tells him a dream. In her letter to Eva, she gives dating advice. From her letters I can imagine some of what her children have written to her.

Helene’s letters are full of literary and musical references. Sometimes she throws in a phrase in English. As I look up authors and composers, I am learning so much, but I also realize how many references I inevitably miss. These letters are filled with a secret language known only to my mother, uncle, and grandparents.

LT.0174.1941.jpg

                                                           Vienna, 5. February 1941

My sweet Harry-boy! What would your classmates have said if they had woken up in Vienna yesterday? The day before yesterday about 6 in the evening, it began to snow. That’s nothing particularly unusual at our latitude but I really cannot remember a snow like this one. It snowed and snowed and snowed. When I tried to open a window before I went to bed, everything started to sway. There were 60 cm of snow on the windowsill. When I tried to open up the second casement window the first part of that window had a new layer of snow on it. I gave up and closed the window after just a few minutes. In the early morning I saw the houses, streets, and squares were covered with a layer of snow like hasn’t been seen in the history of mankind. Of course, the streetcar could not run. A whole army of snow shovelers could not become master of this kind of snow. Officials went out in front of their offices and tried to shovel a way in to keep the doorway clear. All day it was impossible for the trolley to run either. The winter showed once again what a master of architecture it is. The blackest tenements were transformed into fairy palaces. Beautiful and splendid of course only from the perspective of a warm living room, because for the people who had to tromp through this to get to their work, it really wasn’t so nice. In the course of the day, the picture changed. The custodians who were keeping the snow away from the walkways were building tall snow walls on each side of the street. You couldn’t really see from one side to the other if you were out walking in it. Only occasionally was there a place that snow had been shoveled. In the course of the day, it did stop snowing. The weather was mild and the wind was still and even I who don’t really love winter months had a feeling that I wanted to go out in it. If I had given into that, I think I would have been like a small child or a little dog rolling around in the snow. It’s unbelievable how many people were out on the streets. What I missed however were playful children throwing snowballs. Not that we don’t have any children in Germany, there’s plenty of children. But the ones who are joyful and shouting and using their school bags as sleds - now that I didn’t see. Apparently, there are only students. What beautiful pictures those would have been. Every house, every bush, every tree would have been a subject for a picture postcard or maybe a Christmas card for the USA. Merry Xmas and a happy New Year!  [in English] I thought of your last letter where you wrote to me that the last time it snowed in Frisco was 8 years ago and people acted like they were possessed or something. That’s the thought I had while I was falling asleep.

[A dream] I wanted to learn to fly. Okay, this is a perfectly understandable wish. I got a flight instructor, I got the usual equipment, and I was commanded to sit in the pilot’s seat which was actually a floatable children’s seat. To my question “do you really mean I am supposed to squeeze my back end into that?” I was answered rather brusquely and rudely and said I should stop my silly comments. I was belted in, given a mask for my face like you might get for an operation and I had hardly counted to three when I felt hit like I might have had a Leyden jar in my right arm and there was some sort of contraption that was 1/2 hot air balloon, 1/2 of a ship and plane combination and that’s what started to move. I had the pleasant feeling of flying and in this superficial anesthesia caused by ether, I knew that my instructor had not given me any instruction about how to act. I flew over the Wolfgang-See. At my feet, I was flying quite low, I saw a white horse and the waiters they were the ones from the Café Central and they were waving at me. Everything was beautiful and peaceful in front of me in the brightest summer sunshine. “I’ll be happy, I’ll be there soon,” I heard said to me then. Boom! I had landed somewhere. I didn’t move and I decided to wait and see what would happen with me. Then my instructor bent over me and stroked and hugged me. When I asked him if something had happened to me, I heard him say “no”. He became quite rude and said “really, how could you inconvenience me like that.” I wanted to answer “What, why?” But then I woke up and had the feeling that I was already on my way to see you. I guess it’s like the saying: time will tell. “It’s time” said David to Hans Sachs [a reference to Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg]. When is the next flute concert? Bon appetit!

Many, hearty kisses
Helen


LT.0173.1941.jpg

                                                                                 Vienna, 5. February 1941

My golden Eva child!

Although I just sent you a rather paunchy letter yesterday, I am sitting at the machine again in order to chat with you. Today we got your unnumbered letter* from the 18th of December. It was a whooping cough letter because it took 49 days to get to us and if you remember your experience with that, you will hardly have forgotten the words of head doctor.... Whooping cough, if it is not treated by a doctor, will last for 49 days and nights, but if you call the doctor right away, it will last only 7 weeks. 

I regretted that you had to cut off that letter you were writing to us so quickly, but the reason made me happy - you were hurrying so that you would reach the train for Oakland in time, so it’s okay, I could do without the final part of your letter. I hope you had a very nice day spending the day with your friend and I am looking forward to the time when I will have the privilege of having your friends to visit me.  

Your hatred of men** shocked me in the same way as Harry’s hatred of women. You big, big children. If you have the intention to buy a pair of shoes, you go from one street to the next, you look in all the windows at the shoes that are on display, and when you think you’ve found the right ones, you go into the store and try them. The same thing you do for gloves. One enjoys them, likes them, considers them, tries them on, and all this is true of important things as well as of unimportant matters. But every man or woman who crosses our way, do we immediately think that that is the one that is custom made for us? I used to think the way you do and for awhile I was suffering Weltschmerz [the pain of the world, world-weariness] over this and I felt I was the most unhappy child, forgotten by lord God on earth. If a boy who was perhaps my crush at the time was engaged to another, my inferiority complex feelings would really come out. I thought I was ugly and stupid and I thought that bad luck had chosen me. It is much better for a woman to be the last love of a man rather than the first. Certainly, I was not the first woman your father fell in love with, and nor was he the first man who played a role in my life. The result? I have my Eva-doll and my Harry-boy, just like I wanted. If I meet a person sometime whom I don’t think I can live without, then I would have to laugh at myself. Don’t think I’m so old that I no longer understand the debut poem of a fine German poet [Heinrich Heine] which goes like this:

A boy loves a girl
Who chooses another;
He in turn loves another
And marries her.
It is an old story,
Yet remains ever new;
And he to whom it happens,
It breaks his heart in two.

It’s a terribly un-modern poem, but it comes from a man who as far as language and matters of the heart go is a decisive influence.

I am delighted with all of my heart that you are so choosy. Take a good look at the person concerned before you show him affection. The first impression is sometimes quite decisive. If you don’t like something about him, then hands off [in English]. It always will come out later that if you change your opinion and you believe that you might have been biased at first, the first impression was right. You should read Auch Einer [another one/either one] by Theodor Vischer. What about the saying: “I can’t taste it or I can’t smell it”? [way of saying: I can’t stand somebody] Your subconscious is rejecting that person and your real instinct is to warn you about something. If the person in question has a pleasant appearance or some other advantages in society - brilliant and dazzling - then sometimes you’re just entirely too ready to ignore your inner voice and then you think it’s your fault because you mistrust this person who seems to have such wonderful qualities. I believe it was Oscar Wilde who said it best: you think a person is a scoundrel until you are convinced of the opposite opinion. Usually, it’s the other way around and that’s how we get into so many disappointing situations.

I’ll consider this in the next letter.

Kiss, kiss, kiss
Helen

 *Number 15.
**Who is it that made you an enemy of men and how did it happen?


Some notes on the references above:

The original poem is also a song by Robert Schumann:

Ein Jüngling liebt ein Mädchen,
Die hat einen andern erwählt;
Der andre liebt eine andre,
Und hat sich mit dieser vermählt.

Das Mädchen nimmt aus Ärger
Den ersten besten Mann,
Der ihr in den Weg gelaufen;
Der Jüngling ist übel dran.

Es ist eine alte Geschichte,
Doch bleibt sie immer neu;
Und wem sie just passieret,
Dem bricht das Herz entzwei.

English translation by Richard Stokes, author of The Book of Lieder (Faber, 2005):

A boy loves a girl
Who chooses another;
He in turn loves another
And marries her.

The girl, out of pique,
Takes the very first man
To come her way;
The boy is badly hurt.

It is an old story,
Yet remains ever new;
And he to whom it happens,
It breaks his heart in two.

From Wikipedia:

Friedrich Theodor Vischer (German: [ˈfɪʃɐ]; 30 June 1807 – 14 September 1887) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, and writer on the philosophy of art. Today, he is mainly remembered as the author of the novel Auch Einer, in which he developed the concept of Die Tücke des Objekts (the spite of objects), a comic theory that inanimate objects conspire against humans.

February 4

Today we have another letter from Helene’s time in Istanbul while she was waiting to get the money and passage to America. This is the only letter where she describes life outside of being confined to whatever lodging she was assigned. She still seems to be a prisoner, since she was assigned a “minder” to help her run her errand. Who knows how much of his job was to help Helene and how much was to watch her?

For readability’s sake, I have added paragraph breaks and done some slight editing.

LT.0551.1946 (1.2) front.JPG

 

Istanbul, 4 February 1946

My dear children,

It is an unwritten law that all people who go on big trips either write books or at least they write newspaper articles in which they give their impressions for the public to read. I am of course not such a loose cannon, but I cannot fail to describe Istanbul to you as I have seen it with my own eyes. Every normal traveler to the Orient would begin by describing the wonderful mosques, he would make an attempt to describe life on the street, he would praise the beauty of the Bosporus, and such things. I am not doing this. First of all, there has been enough paper used up for that, and certainly by more competent writers. Second of all, I have not really seen that much yet – I’ve only seen a little bit. Why? Well, that is my secret. What I have seen and how I have seen it I will tell you in the Viennese-style like we talk around the water tap.

I arrived from R [Ravensbrück] with a small weekend suitcase in which I had my food rations for two days tucked away. In Göteborg, I got a warm winter coat and dress, things which were useful for me on the long ship trip, but which I had to store away here in this warm climate. I decided to buy a suitcase as soon as I had a chance to do so.

When I got communication from the American consulate that my visa had arrived and that I should come over with my photos, then I made my decision. Today, now or never, the suitcase will be acquired. It was raining torrentially. The locals were in their raincoats, rubber boots, and umbrellas and they looked at me with my sandals, with nothing on my head, as I was calmly and leisurely walking across the Galata bridge towards Pera. Why was I walking? I was already so wet anyway that there was no danger that my clothes would be taking on more water than they already had. And besides, the little sandals I had put on were breaking up into their parts and the passersby and I were stepping on the shoe straps, and walking was only possible when I pressed my toes into the sole so that the shoes would not fall off my feet.

My escort seemed to be wearing these magical “seven league boots” [from European folklore] and once in a while he turned around to me because he didn’t understand why I was walking as if on eggshells. I finally arrived at the tunnel and since I didn’t have shoes on anymore, my footwear seemed like flippers or fins. After I had taken care of this business, I swam to a Caddessi [Turkish for “street”] which was parallel to the tunnel. My attendant took me to a store at which a man from the Committee [the Joint] had already bought quite a few suitcases. The store was on one of those streets where the sidewalks are like staircases and the road is crooked and has quite a steep ascent to it, like the middle of the staircase up to Belvedere Gardens. When I looked down from Pera and saw the descent, I remembered that I had a cord in my handbag. I tied under the water reservoir which was under my feet so that it sprinkled me and I recommended to the Herr (I don’t mean the man who was with me - I mean the Lord God) my soul and my feet. Every step down was like a pond in itself. The middle of the street was, for some reason unknown to me, torn up. At first, I hopped like a chamois who had St. Vitus’ dance, zigzag from one curbstone to another, and there seemed to be no end to this path and my mountain guide bellowed at me: “Madame Cohen, why don’t you walk more quickly?” I changed the way I walked and decided to toe dance like a ballerina …, but I already felt that I was getting a cramp in my calf so I stomped according to all the rules of my art through the puddles so that the passersby shrank back as if I were rabid.

Finally, we had reached the suitcase store. I knew about the price and I chose a suitcase. The proprietor required 30 lire - I had 17 - and I was determined not to spend another kurush more. My adjutant would have lent me 3 more lire so I’d have 20. He wanted to make me an advance of that and the salesman had come down on the price. I remained tough like Shylock. I put my cash on the table and I pointed to it with my finger. I must have looked like an angry archangel, because the proprietor who had been quite unfriendly up until then and only reluctantly took down some suitcases from the top shelf for me, suddenly changed his tactics and became what counts for polite around here. My impatient interpreter explained to me that the Ladenhüter [proprietor] had decided that he would give me his Ladenhüter [slow selling merchandise - pun]. You cannot pay 19 lire when I only have 17 and I had a very firm intention not to borrow money as long as I was not in a position to earn any myself.  

My suitcase dealer seemed to be quite a psychologist and he noted that I had broken off diplomatic relations and he wanted me to pay one more kurush for this transaction. To show his goodwill or maybe his contempt, he took 1 lira out of his vest pocket and put it on the table with my 17. Quickly he grabbed his lire as he saw that I was looking like I was going to put my money away. With the rather haughty expression of an insulted queen, I left the store and I pointed with my finger with my revenge angelic (not English) [a play on words] toward the competing store which was catty corner across the street. I balanced my way across the torn-up street and got to the other side. Suddenly I felt that someone was taking my arm and holding me back. At first, I thought somebody was trying to save me from falling into a hole. And then I saw that it was my suitcase salesman, of whom I would not have thought such agility possible, who was bringing me back into his store. He made a weak attempt to get another half lira out of me, but he decided to forget it and give me with Spanish grandeur the object of contention. In no way did he want to allow the competition to get any business. My Polish-Russian-Jewish attendant accompanying me suddenly held me in high esteem. While before he had criticized me for the strange way I was walking, not to say that he was disgusted at me for it, now he said to me “Madame Cohen, you’re quite a hit!” I left the store and I was ashamed. Not because for the first time in my life I asked for a lower price for something, not because I only had 17 lire, but because I’d believed that I’d been cheated, because the salesperson looked at me rather triumphantly. In between then and now, several months have passed, the suitcase is still intact, and I am still looking for the drawback. The bag is all right but I think I paid too much for it.

February 3

February 3

One thing I’ve learned from reading all of Helene’s and Paul’s letters is that Eva’s and Harry’s communication style was a learned and familiar one. They were both (all!) clever and wonderful with words, even in a second language. They inevitably used humor and clever language to deflect attention, or to mask emotion or something they didn’t want to share. My mother used words and phrases I thought unique to her, only to discover them echoed in my grandmother’s writing.

This letter from Harry is a good example. It is very reminiscent of Helene’s war letters, where humor and word play mask information that conveys something to the reader.

I thought it was interesting to read the words printed at the top of the letter:

Print the complete address in plain block letters in the panel below, and your return address in the space provided. Use typewriter, dark ink, or pencil. Write plainly Very small writing is not suitable.

Censor’s stamp: Passed by Army Examiner

Like Helene’s letters from Vienna and Erich Zerzawy’s WWI letters, Harry’s letters had to pass through censors before being allowed to be sent and mail needed to be legible enough for the censors to bother. No wonder they learned to write and read between the lines.

LT.0945.1944.JPG

February 3, 1944

Dear Eva,

I guess that you and everybody else have been wondering what has happened to me since you last heard from me. Well, I took a boat ride on the blue Pacific and landed somewhere in New Guinea a few days ago. The voyage wasn’t very comfortable as everyone aboard ship had a sardine-like existence, but it was worth the experience.

As soon as I saw the vegetation and the numerous coconut trees, I took a liking to this place. (After having been surrounded by the ocean for some time, any spot with a few trees on it would look good.)

When you write to me use V-Mail and ordinary airmail letters interchangeably so that I can determine which one of the two reaches me faster. Best regards to everyone.

Love,

Harry

Here is a photo of Harry (on the right) taken in New Guinea in 1944:

PH.1577.1944 (1.2) front.JPG

January 31

Today we have three letters written on the same day and presumably sent in the same envelope. To save money, sometimes Helene wrote on half-sheets of paper. She typed the last part of Eva’s letter on the back. Saving every penny. These letters were written just two days after the letter she wrote to Paul that was posted on January 28. It’s like being privy to a conversation, albeit a one-sided one, and we see how Helene “speaks” differently depending on to whom she is writing. The letters to her children are filled with puns and jokes and sweet pet names. The ones to her nephew Paul are more serious and often deal with practical matters.

LT.0120.1940.jpg

Vienna, 31.January 1940

Harryssimo! I’m insatiable and I keep waiting for a letter every time the mail comes. Even though I know it’s not going to happen. I still believe maybe the letters I posted might be trickling in and maybe even in order.

Jo’s nephew Fritz was in a serious accident. He fell while you were still in Vienna. It was an accident from a ladder in a bunker/basement. He was unconscious for awhile. He did recover then. On the way home he met his father, but the father had some trouble with his work, so he went to school as if nothing happened. 3 weeks later he collapsed during PE and was unconscious and was brought to the hospital where he spent 6 weeks and could not go to school. Some time after that he was allowed to go back to school but had terrible headaches and had to go back. He went to a field trip and he was tall (1 meter 87) and his friend is even 76 cm taller than that. I don't know what his parents will do with their clothing coupons. I believe he would be very happy to hear from you.

Now I assume even in this blessed country the Christmas celebrations are over and you are back in school. Is it difficult? Little Eva assured me of the opposite. I wish you in any case much luck. I will see if I can find another little job. My debut as a snow removal worker was somewhat of a disaster and my feet were really cold.

Papa has his imperial sport which is wood cutting and he has quit that as well. He was looking for a new patent and he has invented the profession of splitting wood without hacking it up, just with his own iron biceps. The result: he injured the muscles on both his arms. But that’s over now and he’s not cutting up any wood. We have both had our little dalliances into other professions.

Goodbye and kisses for now.

Mutti


LT.0121.1940 (1.2) front.jpg

Vienna, 31.January 1940

My dear poor Everl!

What’s the kid doing? Now I know why I was dreaming of you. When I told Papa, he told me I was a “raven mother”. He’s not really wrong because I am now complaining. That damn snow removal!

How did we get to this? Did you have pain? It was only 4 teeth that were killed off. Why did 5 have to be pulled? Was the 5th the reason the others had to be pulled? Robert has a partner in suffering now. You however cannot compete with him. If it hasn't happened yet, I want you to send me an exact description of your tooth woes. Please tell me the truth and don’t spare my nerves. I believe they can handle it…. 

Did you hear anything of your friend who seems to have scattered in all directions? Since you go to school you have enough opportunity to get a new, nicer friend.

I’m done for today. I have written lots of letters. Nothing has really happened and there’s not time for much fun. If this continues, I’ll be telling you the pudding joke. By the way, an anecdote occurs to me (from about the same time) so please don’t think badly of it. Frau Rebbezen [Rabbi’s wife] doesn’t like her name and she asks her husband ask for a name change. He agrees. When he comes back from the capital several days later, angry that she’d gotten to him (she says: it costs quite a bit but you have a name for your whole life”). His wife asks “what is our name now?” “Schweissloch” [sweat hole] was the laconic answer. “Schweissloch,” she asks disappointedly, “for so much money?” The husband: “do you have any idea how much the ‘w’ alone cost?”

It’s time for me to end or else my crazy little girl will get even crazier. I’m going to end this 15th Clipper letter with kisses and hope to hear from you soon.

Mutti


The following letter to Hilda is in English. Hilda Firestone was the daughter of a first cousin. When they arrived in San Francisco in 1939, Harry lived with Hilda and her husband Nathan. Eva lived with a different cousin. Paul lived with Hilda at times and tried to teach Hilda some German. Helene is effusive in her gratitude to all that Hilda has done for her children and nephew. You can see how much less fluent her English is here than in other letters and stories written later on. Helene and Hilda met for the first time in 1946 - at this point they were strangers, bonded over Hilda and Nathan’s generous hospitality.

LT.0122.1940.jpg

 The German proverb Helene quotes says: A fool asks more than 10 wise men can answer. She continues: But now I am not a fool but ten, and that I must not expect you to do that. The original proverb may actually be: Ein Narr kann mehr Fragen stellen als sieben Weise beantworten können. One fool can ask more questions than seven wise men can answer.

January 29

Today’s letter was written exactly a year after the one I posted yesterday. This letter is written to Eva and Harry. The censorship numbers are barely visible in pencil at the top of the page. Helene begins the letter with the number 70, which means she has written at least 70 letters since her children left Vienna. When she sent separate notes to each child and to other family members, sometimes each letter has the same number. I have many of the letters she wrote, but not all of numbers are accounted for. Presumably those never made it to San Francisco.

I have no idea who the cousin in Sandy Hook was, but perhaps I’ll find out one day. The name Jo appears in many letters – a friend and neighbor whose last name I do not know. At the time of this letter, my mother was in nursing school and working with patients.

LT.0169.1941 (1.2) P1.jpg

Vienna, 29 January 1941

#70                                          My dear children!

Eureka! I got mail this week! The day before yesterday #14 from December 10 and today I had #13 from December 3. I can hardly tell you how happy I am about this. It is unfortunate that you did not extend my greetings to my cousin in Sandy Hook and didn’t tell her how much I crave seeing her. She is like the guiding light of the family. Don’t you want to remind her that she has relatives in Vienna who are counting on her? Everl’s letter to Gina B I will send in a couple of days. I had a copy made of the passport picture from Stambul [Istanbul] and I think she will be happy about this. The letter today included an enclosure for Jo. According to the answer, I think she must have written to you some fairly confusing stuff.

There is not much new here. Papa says I am addicted to Jupiter. When I don’t get letters, usually that’s followed by sleepless nights. It’s not so easy to spend a sleepless night because of the blackout requirements. I can’t turn the light on and read. That’s not possible because my bedroom has no light. I have no lighting fixture in there, so I don’t have to black it out completely. So if it’s not too freezing, I just get up and look out at the stars from the next room. My planetary favorite is in fact Jupiter which smiles at me at night in such a friendly way. I ask him if he knows you and ask him to extend greetings to you. I am not interested in Mercury and Mars is too busy with other things to worry about the problems and wishes of some earthworms. The difference between moon addiction and Jupiter addiction is that those affected by the first can simply go to bed quietly after they climb up on the roof and see the moon and then they go right to sleep. But those who are addicted to Jupiter can’t even think about sleeping. These days I really want to have a closer look at my friend and on Friday and Monday I can see it from Urania [a street 1/2 mile from Seidlgasse and the muse of astronomy].

What Goethe in Dichtung und Wahrheit means about Chrien (not a typo?) [“From my Life: Poetry and Truth” – available online in German at Project Gutenberg], I don’t know. Maybe you, Harry, can show me the spot or the chapter. I’d like to read that and maybe look it up.

Eva is welcome to tell me her hospital stories. I am not afraid of anything. I am jaded and hardened about such things.

Paul is a sweetheart. Through what he wrote on Hilda’s letter I found out that Robert had written, but he didn’t tell me what he said about himself and his life. Maybe he assumed that such a distant relative as I would not be interested in that. If Harry had not mentioned in one of the most recent letters that Robert is doing well both health-wise and otherwise, I would probably be worrying about him, even more so because all my questions about this seem to fall on deaf ears. Nobody answers them. Imagine if things were turned around. I can’t even think about it!

Papa is coming home. He is now doing things a little differently in life than when you were here. At the markets there are now some new, and for Vienna at least, rather exotic types of vegetables appearing. One example is “fiocchi” [Ger: Fenchel; fennel]. I was not familiar with this green stuff that looks kind of like an onion and I forgot that Papa had shown me this and said “this is fiocchi”. At first I didn’t know what I should do with it and I went and got my Hierz kitchen book to get some advice. What is the name of this stuff? I closed my eyes for a minute and tried to imagine an Italian menu. Here we are - Succhetti - how could I forget that? “Zucchini made in the style of Milan” I read in the kitchen bible. I would have rather made it Viennese style but we Viennese don’t know this spinach stuff. I got to work. I translated Milan-ish into Viennese-ish and look, Papa thought it was delicious! It tasted quite excellent to him. “Who told you that you could prepare fiocchi this way?” I answered, “Fiocchi? That’s Succhetti.” I cleared him up about that. At least you can prepare it that way. The second new thing in the kitchen which I like quite a bit better because it is something that Papa will just eat raw. Early in the day and evening, he calls them “bananas” but the real name is chicory. They look better than they taste, but Papa insists that there’s basically a whole pharmacy in them and it’s really, really good to keep you from getting kidney stones. If I forget to put a “banana” on his breakfast plate, I hear the following: “Now I don’t understand - you only have one husband and you don’t even care about him?” Oh, poor Papa. 

Because of the 40th anniversary of Verdi’s death, there is a Verdi hour on the radio. Otello just killed Desdemona and he is bellowing “kiss me again, kiss me again!” I find that a bit intense so I’m turning it off. Even though I can handle Eva’s hospital stories, I really don’t want to listen to something like that….

Now I have an order from Papa to Eva, which I hesitate to communicate to her because I know how terribly busy she is and I don’t want to burden her with more things. However, Papa needs it for his studies and so I don’t think I have the right to not pass on this request. Everl, please write down the date of birth, date of admission to the hospital, the illness, and the date of leaving the hospital for all of your patients. Maybe you could put in a little vocabulary book so that nothing gets lost. Please don’t be mad at me Everl, but Papa seems to think this is really important. He’s asked me several times.

That’s enough for today. Many kisses!

Helen

According to written testimonials by satisfied customers, my grandfather was quite the diagnostician. It sounds like he wanted to practice long distance using information about patients Eva was seeing.

You can see from the letter that food is increasingly scarce so Helene and Vitali make the best of things by pretending that they are feasting on delicious delicacies while really just trying to choke down whatever food they could find.

Helene continues to beg for news about everyone, including her dear nephew Robert who apparently is “such a distant relative as I would not be interested in that.” I can feel the guilt seeping into my soul even though Helene’s letters were not written to me! 

January 25

Since I don’t have a letters for each day in January, today we continue with another letter dated January 24.

There appears to be no rhyme or reason to which documents Harry and Eva kept in their possession. Although Harry had the lion’s share of documents, my mother had a handful. Until a few years ago I only knew what my mother had kept and assumed Harry had nothing. My mother’s papers seemed to consist of a random assortment of things that appeared unimportant and unrelated to our family. She seemed to be the keeper of official documents like Paul Zerzawy’s school transcripts, diplomas, and death certificate. She also had an envelope labeled “Otto” which included bank statements and Paul’s correspondence to and from seemingly unrelated people. I’m still not 100% who Otto was since like with so many names, there are a number of different Ottos on the family tree. I’m guessing he may be a first cousin of Paul’s.

LT.0489.nd (1.2) front.JPG

Today’s letter is written to Paul from Fritz Orlik and his wife Hanne. I almost didn’t bother having his letters translated because I assumed he was unrelated. It turns out that Fritz was Paul’s step-brother. Paul’s father Julius married his third wife Elise in 1921, 11 years after Paul’s step-mother (and aunt) Mathilde died. Elise was a widow whose first husband was named Orlik. Paul would have been 25 years old in January of 1921.

LT.0509.1940 (3.4) envelope front.JPG
LT.0509.1940 (1.4) front.JPG

                                                 Kfar-Ata 24. January 1940, near Haifa, Beth Zinnober 

Dear Paul!

We have been here for 5 months and we are waiting without success for news from you. We have already written to you three times and we assume the letters might have gotten lost because you moved.

We are hoping to learn something through you about what’s going on at home since we don’t have any contact there. Last month Robert sent us a letter of Mama’s which was from November 4th and we think you must have also gotten a copy of that. However, the contents were not entirely understandable. It seems to be some sort of misunderstanding.

We don’t really have anything good to report. I’m healthy. However, Hanne had a gall stones few weeks ago and a gall bladder inflammation. This was really painful and she had to have three morphine injections from the doctor. Now she is better enough that she can at least take care of the household but she is not able to do any machine sewing at all yet. So we don’t really have anything good to report. I still don’t have work, which I can certainly feel in my change purse. The luggage costs quite a bit. I had to pay £39 customs on that. So I am about at the end. Our plans with our brother-in-law didn’t pan out so I am just doing little side jobs and I am waiting until I can get work. If we had money here, like maybe £500, we could really participate in society and live very well. But I guess we are living very modestly here. Please write to us soon and give us all the details.

With my best greetings, your Fritz.

How are you doing with the Stopford campaign*?

P.S.: Sincere greetings. Let us hear from you soon! Hanne

[*Note: Apparently Britain was less helpful to Jews from Czechoslovakia than to those from Germany or Austria. Robert Jemmett Stopford is mentioned in the chapter on “Refugees from Czechoslovakia” in Whitehall and the Jews, 1933-1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees and the Holocaust by Louise London, Cambridge University Press, 2000. From November 1938-August 1939 Stopford was Treasury Liaison Officer for treasury and refugee questions with Czech government]


This letter reminds us that there was no easy pathway to safety. Whether one fled to the U.S., England, Palestine, Cuba or other places that allowed entry (often reluctantly), there was no guarantee that life would be easy or straightforward. In a new country with a new language, one had to figure out how to maneuver new bureaucracies, find a place to live, and find a means of employment, often competing with others in the same situation. It also is interesting to think about how one defines “family”. Fritz was likely a few years younger than Paul Z, and as far as I know, they never grew up or lived together, yet Paul and his brother Robert are Otto’s only connection to his own mother. Note that there is a censorship stamp on the envelope, as well as a notation that the contents were written in German.

January 24

Helene often included separate letters to her children and family in the same envelope. On January 24, 1941, Helene wrote to both Harry and Eva. Each letter has the same Clipper Number, although they have different censorship numbers. You can read the letter to Eva where Helene recalls taking a walk through Vienna with her stubborn toddler.

LT.0167.1941.jpg

I imagine Eva looked a lot like this photo taken in September 1923 PH.0422.1923:

PH.0422.1923 1.2 front.JPG

One of the things stolen from Helene was being able to see her children grow up. In this letter to Harry, she tries to give him dating advice from across the miles and across the many weeks and months it took mail to arrive. When Harry left Vienna, he was 15 years old. She’d already been separated from him for at least 6 months while he and Eva waited in Istanbul to get passports. At the time of this letter, he had just turned 17.

To keep the tone light and to express her affection for her children, she constantly played with their names, language, and puns.

Clipper 69 My dear Harry! Vienna 24 January 1941

This week we got letters from all of you, especially from you, letters # 11-12 from November 26. We also got a Firestone-Zerzawy from November 23. Great joy and delight is therefore the order of the day in Seidlgasse because we were really getting tired of waiting.

Well, I understand from your last couple of letters that the eternal female has both attracted and repelled my son for the very first time. Yes, none of us are spared such experiences. They are painful, but they are necessary. Once we’ve had this childhood disease, we recover from it and we are a better person. Such childhood diseases are different from other diseases in that they are harmless and seldom have complications. However, you get them more often. And the more often the better because often enough you emerge from such an affair more steady or steadfast. …. It would be horrifying if you had to stay with the first person you had a romantic relationship with. You see everything with your rose-colored glasses, which you probably bought from an optician at the state fair. Young people usually don’t have the money or experience that would tell them that that which is not so costly is actually cheap in quality. The next attack will be easier and less painful. If you want to make a collection of theoretical experiences, then it’s better probably better to read old Roman authors like Ovid, not German philosophers like Schopenhauer. Maybe by the time you get this letter you are already in a new love affair. But maybe none of this. The best cure for unhappy love is a new love. And the more often you use this home remedy, the more you will see that it is the most effective one. By the way, I agree with what Hilda has to say. Don’t make any binding promises. There’s an old joke: fall in love often, get engaged seldom, marry never. I can certainly recommend the first of those pieces of advice. The first two should only be practiced once and take your time. When it’s the right time and the desired object comes, then there is such a chasm that you can’t make a mistake. You only learn in good time to listen to your inner voice.  

This letter doesn’t sound very motherly today. You’ll probably laugh at it because maybe you have already become an expert in matters of love by this time. Also, this letter will prove to you that my hands are following the biblical advice: the left hand should never know what the right hand is doing. It is possible to reconcile that with what the two want to do together, but I think it is more the fault of my thoughts which are getting all over each other. Maybe I’m rushing things here. 

Tell Hilda that I was very happy about her letter and that I was amused by it too, especially the comments that Paul added to it, published as it were. Sometimes the publisher knows more what the author meant to say than the author himself. It seems like Paul is making German learning fun because he’s using using Busch* as her reading primer/textbook. That is certainly an indication that he has pedagogical talent. I think the godparents who were there when they gave him his name probably were already envisioning an academic career for him. Your sister seems to have mentioned such a predetermined career as well. Well, take care, Harryleim**. (You know what Professor Freud says about when we make a mistake, misread or misspeak something?) When I wrote “Harrylein”, I thought you will probably not find a Mary Magdalena to fall for, be taken in by, so I wrote “Harryleim”. It is not a typo. Now I really have to be done with this psychoanalytical theme because it’s time to write to a very busy Eva.

Kisses, for your whimsically overgrown chin.

Helen

 A few notes from my translator on the references, puns, etc.:

*Wilhelm Busch humorist, illustrator 1832-1908)

**Pun: Harrylein = diminutive; Harryleim = “auf den Leim gehen“ means to be hoodwinked, Mary Magdalena = Mägdulein in German

Perhaps also a pun on the overgrown chin - “lianenhft” may be whimsical or lion in signature referring to Harry’s beard.

 

 

 

 

January 17

Surviving past pandemics, part 2

In the 1950s, Harry bought a typewriter for his mother and encouraged her to put her words to paper. Helene wrote a number of stories recalling her childhood in Bilin. She was a wonderful storyteller and apparently had an amazing memory – where it has been possible to corroborate details, I find she always ends up having given an accurate account of things.

My grandmother organized her stories into binders and in chapters, presumably hoping to create a book. She often used pseudonyms of her name (“Nehoc” for Cohen, “Lenow” for Löwy). Today’s story is in the chapter entitled “Child Without Childhood.”  It was found in the same binder as yesterday’s newspaper article about the 1889 flu pandemic.


First page of “Earliest childhood: Influenza Epidemic 1889”

First page of “Earliest childhood: Influenza Epidemic 1889”

Story by “Helene Nehoc” (translated and somewhat edited):

Earliest childhood: Influenza Epidemic 1889 /Helene Nehoc

The harsh weather, with snowstorms that never seem to end and howling winter storms could not have impressed this child somuch  that she would never forget such a day ever again. Little Helene Lenow didn’t find out until quite a bit later what really happened on that ugly day.

In the house, in which mostly music and laughter predominated, overnight there had arisen a frightening vacuum.

Neither her mother nor her big sisters were heard or seen. Not even Marischka, who was the long time house help, paid any attention to her. The child waited fearfully in her crib. Finally the girl came, took the little one out of her cage, and dressed her and brought her into the living room. There she told her that she had to be well-behaved and stay put, because it was icy cold and windy outside; in a few minutes she would bring breakfast in to her.  

She usually had breakfast in the comfortable kitchen and in Marischka’s company, who would make funny faces for her. She was annoyed at not being able to do so and she started to cry. Soon, Marischka came back, brought coffee, a piece of coffee cake, and a little plate of preserved fruit.

She put the tray — on which everything had been prepared bite sized — on a comfortable chair, and put a footstool in front of it and left after she had tied a bib on her beloved Helenku with her eyes all red from crying and she put her finger up to lips to show that she was to stay quiet, and then she left the room. 

Enene (which was her nickname) stayed sitting on her footstool without moving and listened carefully to even the quietest noise. Everyone who passed by the hallway went on tiptoe. Only the terrible storm was howling with a strength that did not seem to dissipate. Other than that there was a depressing silence. Even the very loud printing machines whose noise otherwise would be coming up from the basement to the top floor, were standing still, with the exception of the platen press which was used for express orders in a smaller format such as business cards, envelopes, or death announcements. On that strange day, the last of these were the only things that kept the machines going. The influence of the epidemic saw that neither man nor machine got even a short break. 

From a room in a faraway part of the house which was used for packing and storing manuals and handbooks, Enene heard the plaintive melody of the Moszkowski Serenade. Her brother, a music student, had gone back there to practice. He had no idea of the devastating catastrophe that had already happened.

The child, attracted by the magic of the music, woke up from her trance. With the instinct of a sleepwalker, she dragged the footstool over to the door in order to open it. She did not make any sound and followed the sound of the music. With her doll in her arms, she sat down on a little wooden box which was intended as a footrest for whoever was working in there. She paid attention to the melody of the music which she already knew. This time it wasn’t the power of the music that calmed her down, but the fact that it interrupted the silence which had brought her to such a panic. This fear was somewhat mollified by the presence of her big brother, but it never entirely left her. Fear of the unknown, a fear which later came back sporadically when Helene Lenow was an adult.

Before Max had finished his practice, there was a piercing scream from their parents’ bedroom. He put his violin down, grabbed his little audience member under his arm, and ran with her down the long, dark corridor which led to the living rooms. In the hallway, he put the little girl down and ran into the room where the scream had come from. Mrs Rosa Lenow had had a violent heart attack. The heavy smell of Hoffmann’s Drops (spirit of ether), which she always carried with a few pieces of sugar in her apron pocket, filled up the hall.

Enene stood on the same spot the whole time, just where her brother had left her. A miniature Lot’s wife. From there, she could see through the door that the storm had opened that someone was covered with a linen blanket and was laying on the bed. This door led to the room in which Mother’s brother Karl stayed when he was a houseguest. The hall was like an icy basement, but the child did not move from that spot.

Someone came out of the parents’ bedroom and carried the little girl into the living room, put her on the sofa, and covered her up with a blanket, kissed her and said: “Sleep child, sleep.” But the great excitement was really too much for her to fall asleep. This room seemed to be the only one that had been untouched by the mysterious events in the house.

Helene held her doll even more tightly, and was amazed that none of her big sisters came in to play with or read something to her. If someone had told her that with the exception of her, Max, and her eldest sister, everyone was very ill and that her other four sisters, following the advice of the doctor, had been brought up to an otherwise unoccupied room in the attic, she would probably have wanted to go up there to them.

After awhile, Ida dressed her for going out and carried her with her lips pressed tightly together, unable to speak even a word to friends. Enene was afraid she must have done something really bad, because Ida was really mad and didn’t want to talk to her anymore. A deep guilt made the poor little thing even sadder. She began to sob and put her arms around the neck of her big sister, who without saying a word, stroked her hair.

Enene knew nothing about who these people were, in whose house she was now supposed to live, and what they were called. Just as little did she knew why she had to leave home. Had she really been that bad? 

After a few weeks she was picked up by Ida, who wore a new black coat and a new black hat and gloves. She was very pale and looked even more serious than usual. Enene did not recognize her home.

Mother, Enene’s sisters, and Marischka all wore black clothes. Father and Max were wearing black bands on the arms of their dark suits. Everyone was unusually pale and had all gotten a lot thinner. 

Little Helene was the only one who wore a colorful dress and hardly missed Uncle Karl who had died. As a traveling salesman of an old Prague coffee and tea import company he had his own apartment in the capital city, but he took every opportunity — especially before he had a long sales trip — to spend a few days in the circle of his sister’s family, which he considered to be his own. Karl Kraus was one of the first victims of the influenza in this city. He died as a bachelor, 45 years old, and it had been his first and last illness. Helene Lenow could not know that her mother had lost the most ideal brother, her father his best friend and business advisor, her sister Ida her good genius. The rest of them would be mourning for the loss of the person they thought of as their second father.

Mrs Rosa Lenow recovered quickly from her heart attack — that is, she ignored her symptoms because she neither wanted to nor could afford the luxury of being ill. She was too important in both house and business, and she lived almost entirely on Hoffmann’s drops and strong black coffee, both with a lot of sugar.  

Adolf Lenow aged by 10 years in these weeks, and his four daughters who had been felled by the influenza won the battle of death thanks to the superhuman care and concern of the parents, of the two siblings Ida and Max, and the untiring care provided by the family doctor. But death did not give up so easily. Two of them succumbed at a later point to consequences of this evil plague.

Helene Lenow knew nothing about any of that. In her young brain, she only heard the T’ling, t’ling, of the platen printing press, which was woven together with the sad melody of the Moszkowski Serenade, which became a leitmotif — that creepy symphony of ghosts and spirits, to which the howling storm had lent its especially impressive voice.

***

The memories of the influenza epidemic were replaced with later even more horrifying catastrophes — beginning with the outbreak of war in 1914 and ending with the epidemic which was then known as the Spanish flu — even by the families that were affected by it, these memories were driven away, or at least the images had became much paler over time. The narrator managed to pay her tribute to the “Spanish flu” with double pneumonia, but without it happening to her that in her feverish delirium she was scared by the Moszkowski Serenade. However, during the second world war, when she disappeared behind the concentration camp walls which were covered with barbed wire, this sentimental melody, which was mixed with the T’ling T’ling, T’long of the platen printing press which in the meantime had become long since obsolete and had been piled on an iron scrap heap and with that the horrible feeling of being completely left alone, this time in a large family of different peoples who were speaking different languages.

This music piece is for many listeners a very nice da capo, but for the author of her earliest childhood memories, it is a piece of music from Hades, which she escaped from when she had already given up all hope.